The relation between of insulin like growth factor II and endometrial carcinoma

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States and the fourth most common cancer in women. The need of a soft marker that can be used with CA-125 tumor marker for early detection of endometrial cancer and to predict late stages and advanced histopathological grades and to specify the cases who will be managed by complete surgical staging including para aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy is of great importance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of insulin like growth factor 2 in endometrial carcinoma and to correlate it with different histopathological grades of the disease.Methods: This study was applied on sixty patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and were divided into two groups, Group A included 30 cases of endometrial carcinoma, while Group B included 30 cases complaining of abnormal vaginal bleeding due to other causes as a control group. Serum samples were taken from all patients and estimation of IGF-2 serum levels using ElISA technique was done. Comparison of IGF-2 serum level between both groups and correlation of its levels with different histopathological grades of endometrial cancer group were done.Results: As regard comparison between both groups and ILGF2 serum level, study results demonstrated that ILGF2 levels ranged between 600.0-1440.0 ng/ml and 40.0-560.0 ng/ml with the mean of 781.33 ng/ml±196.45 and 336.0 ng/ml±212.86 for cases Group A and control Group B respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two studied groups regarding ILGF2 serum level (p<0.001). As regards correlation between histopathological grades and ILGF-2 serum level in cases Group A, the study revealed a strong positive correlation.Conclusions: ILGF-2 can be used as a serum marker for endometroid adenocarcinoma of the body of the uterus and to predict its higher histopathological grades

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214337 [58%] were transport related) and 31.1 million DALYs (of which 16.2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34.4% (from 17.5 to 11.5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47.7% (from 15.9 to 8.3 per 100000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80.5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39.4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16.7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48.5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0.2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010-19. Interpretation As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low-middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury