Efeect of Kegel's Exercises on First Degree Pelvic Organ Prolapse Among Women

Background: Kegel's exercises are recommended to increase the strength and elasticity of the pelvic floor muscles and decrease the incidence of prolapse and stress urinary incontince. Aim: was to assess the effect of kegel's exercises on first degree pelvic organ prolapse among women. Design: quasi-experimental, non equivalent pre-post test research design was adopted. Setting: this research was carried out at gynecological clinic at El Galaa Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital. Sample: Convenience sample, of 110 women were recruited for this study as one group to be measured before and after according to certain criteria. Tools: three tools were used for data collection: structured interview tool; assessment & follow up tool for clinical picture of prolapse and Prinometry to measure the strength of pelvic floor muscles. Result: revealed that, a statistically significantly differences were founded between before and after following of kegel's exercises in relation to sexual clinical picture P value was ≥ 0.05, urinary clinical picture was (χ2 = 145.4 and p value ≤ 0.001 and types of urinary problems. χ2 = 167.4 and p value≤ 0.001 ) . And bowel clinical picture was (χ2 =128.8 & P.value ≤ 0.001). Regarding to perinometry reading, the results revealed that, highly statistically significant differences was found between the three reading of prinometry (F=68.047, p≤0.001). In Conclusion: practicing kegel's exercises lead to decrease in the clinical picture of prolapse and improve strength of pelvic floor muscles. Recommendation: based on the study findings, its recommended kegel's exercises should be followed during each development phases of women's life span, so it should form an essential part of sex education and the nurse should work as educator and counselor to teach women benefits and technique of kegel's exercises. Keywords:  kegel's exercises, prolapse, prinometry

Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated dopamine system impairment in a D-galactose-induced brain ageing in rats

Ageing is the primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Progressive motor and coordination decline that occurs with ageing has been linked to nigrostriatal dysfunction. Few studies have investigated the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in ameliorating the structural and functional alterations in the ageing nigrostriatal system. This study is the first to evaluate the effects of intravenous injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in a D-galactose-induced rat model of nigrostriatal ageing. BMMSCs were intravenously injected once every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. The transplanted cells survived, migrated to the brain, and differentiated into dopaminergic neurones and astrocytes. BMMSC transplantation improved locomotor activity, restored dopaminergic system function, preserved atrophic dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra, exerted antioxidative effects, and restored neurotrophic factors. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of BMMSC injection in a nigrostriatal ageing rat model, and suggest that these cells may provide an effective therapeutic approach for the ageing nigrostriatal system

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from markets within Benha. Samples were washed in saline, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed by Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (2.1%), and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vegetable was lettuce (45.5%) followed by watercress (41.3%), parsley (34.3%), green onion (16.5%), and leek (10.7%). These results indicate a significant seasonal variation ( < 0.05), with highest prevalence in summer (49%) and the lowest in winter (10.8%). These findings provide evidence for the high risk of acquiring parasitic infection from the consumption of raw vegetables in Benha, Egypt. Effective measures are necessary to reduce parasitic contamination of vegetables

Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium bovis in bovines in the Delta area of Egypt

IntroductionMycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) causes significant financial harm to the cattle industry through decreased productivity and trade limitations, while also posing a risk to human health through zoonotic transmission, which is primarily from unpasteurized milk or close animal contact.MethodsSingle intradermal tuberculin was used to test 2400 cases (1000 Holstein Friesian cattle and 1400 native breed buffaloes) during the national control program from Cairo, El-Buhaira, Dakahlia, Gharbia, Menoufia, and Sharkia districts located at the northern areas of Egypt. Tuberculin-positive cases were slaughtered and subjected to postmortem examination and isolation of M. bovis was performed. IS6110 primer was used in PCR test to confirm the existence of genus mycobacterium and regions of difference-based differentiation was used to detect M. bovis on the species level, phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, as well as mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR) were performed.ResultsA total of 65 out of 2400 (2.7%) cases were single intradermal tuberculin test positive, 40 out of 65 (61.53%) were M. bovis positive on PCR, and the 40 isolates exhibited susceptibility to ethambutol, rifampicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. From them, 32 (80%) were susceptible to isoniazid, and 8 (20%) were resistant. These eight isolates contained three distinct katG mutations at codons 315, 463, and 506 with rates of 2/8 (25%), 3/8 (37.5%), and 3/8 (37.5%), respectively each representing a unique, single-codon mutation. MIRU-VNTR analysis enabled the identification of 35 distinct genotypes, with genotypes 26, 27, and 28 showing high prevalence. The nine highly discriminatory loci MIRU10, QUB11b, MIRU26, QUB26, QUB4156, MIRU04 ETRD, ETRA, Mtub30, and Mtub39 with a discriminating index of 0.9676 were suitable for the preliminary genotyping of M. bovis isolates from animals. M. bovis, ID: 7540/01, Lineage: Bovis and ID: 951/01, Lineage: Bovis from Germany were the closest lineages to our genotypes using the MIRU-VNTR plus database.ConclusionM. bovis isolated from cattle and buffaloes of some Delta area districts expressed high diversity and some isolates showed resistance to isoniazid with katG mutations. Continuous implementation of MIRU-VNTR analysis will help to trace the origin and similarities among animal and human isolates within the Delta area

Dosimetric analytic comparison of inverse and forward planned IMRT techniques in the treatment of head and neck cancer

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to investigate if, and to what degree, improvements of IMRT treatment plans generated by forward planning can be achieved with an inverse planning strategy for treatments of head and neck cancer.MethodsBetween June 2007 and April 2008, 19 patients with head-and-neck cancers were treated at KAAH and Oncology Center Jeddah, using forward planning intensity modulated radiation therapy (FP-IMRT). They received thirty fractions over six weeks, to simultaneously deliver 66Gy to the gross tumor (CTV1), 60Gy to the soft tissue and nodes adjacent to the previous volume (CTV2), and 54Gy to elective nodes (CTV3). These are biologically equivalent to 70, 60, and 50Gy, if given 2Gy per fraction.These were retrospectively re-planned with an inverse planning algorithm (IP-IMRT). The main objective of the optimization process was sparing of the parotid glands, spinal cord, and brainstem beside adequate treatment of the planning target volume.ResultsHaving 95% and 98% of CTV1 to receive at least 95% and 90% of prescribed dose respectively was fulfilled in all cases in both groups with higher figures in group B (IP-IMRT) than in group A (FR-IMRT), more obvious in CTV2 and CTV3. The average maximum dose to the spinal cord was 45.1Gy in group A, and 41.6Gy in group B. The mean dose of both parotid glands was kept below 26Gy in four patients in group A, but in all cases in group B.ConclusionIP-IMRT selectively spared critical organs to greater degree with better target coverage and should be considered the standard of treatment in head and neck tumors

Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel 2- and 3-14-(Trisubstituted Pyridy1)-phenylaminol- and 2-[3- and 4-(Trisubstituted Pyridy1)-phenoxylquinoxaline Derivatives

A series of novel quinoxaline derivatives linked to a pyridine moiety through phenylamino or phenoxy residue was synthesized and evaluated as candidate anticonvulsants. The synthesis was achieved through reaction of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (1) with an equimolar amount of 4-aminoacetophenone to give compound 2 which is considered as an important synthon for the construction of a pyridine ring via several synthetic routs. Some compounds were synthesized through formation of the intermediate α,β-unsaturated compounds which, in turn, were allowed to react with malononitrile to give the corresponding alkoxypyridines (8-17). Compounds 18-21 were synthesized by a one-pot simple reaction between 2, the appropriate aldehyde, and malononitrile in sodium alkoxide solution. Moreover, they can be synthesized through reaction of compound 2 and arylidenemalononitrile in sodium alkoxide. The phenoxy analogues were prepared by reaction of 1 with 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde to give 22 and 27, respectively. These compounds, in turn, were allowed to react with malononitrile and the proper carbonyl compound in presence of sodium alkoxide in a one-pot reaction technique to give the target compounds. Biological evaluation of the prepared compounds showed that some of them are potent anticonvulsant agents. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and biological data are reported.</jats:p

Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel 2- and 3-14-(Trisubstituted Pyridy1)-phenylaminol- and 2-[3- and 4-(Trisubstituted Pyridy1)-phenoxylquinoxaline Derivatives

A series of novel quinoxaline derivatives linked to a pyridine moiety through phenylamino or phenoxy residue was synthesized and evaluated as candidate anticonvulsants. The synthesis was achieved through reaction of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (1) with an equimolar amount of 4-aminoacetophenone to give compound 2 which is considered as an important synthon for the construction of a pyridine ring via several synthetic routs. Some compounds were synthesized through formation of the intermediate α,β-unsaturated compounds which, in turn, were allowed to react with malononitrile to give the corresponding alkoxypyridines (8-17). Compounds 18-21 were synthesized by a one-pot simple reaction between 2, the appropriate aldehyde, and malononitrile in sodium alkoxide solution. Moreover, they can be synthesized through reaction of compound 2 and arylidenemalononitrile in sodium alkoxide. The phenoxy analogues were prepared by reaction of 1 with 4-hydroxyacetophenone or 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde to give 22 and 27, respectively. These compounds, in turn, were allowed to react with malononitrile and the proper carbonyl compound in presence of sodium alkoxide in a one-pot reaction technique to give the target compounds. Biological evaluation of the prepared compounds showed that some of them are potent anticonvulsant agents. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and biological data are reported