Consideration of Parents in Choosing Islamic Schools in the Digital Era

In the digital era, formal education is not only about learning at school but also about learning and education outside of school. This condition has more or less directly affected the consideration of parents in choosing a school, especially in the digital era. This research is conducted using quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The quantitative method is performed by analyzing the potential of the schools chosen by parents, while the qualitative method is to find out the opinions of parents in more depth in choosing schools for their children. TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) analysis is performed which involves three experts in assessing good schools in the digital era. Three types of schools are used as research objects such as Islamic Boarding Schools, Public Schools, and Subsidized Schools. Some interesting findings related to considerations of parents in choosing a school are related to religious education for their children, access to education, and also the reason for the relatively expensive cost of Islamic-based schools. Therefore, parents tend to choose non-boarding public schools

Application of distributed optical fibre for shallow foundation

Soil deformation is one of the major interests with regard to the stability analysis of the foundations. The deformations are signified for both vertical and lateral soil deformation; which the former plays vital role in designing a good foundation. As the stability of the foundation affect the stability of the entire structure, instrumentation and monitoring play an important roles in order to monitor the performances of the geotechnical structures. Until now the design of a foundation soil system is relied on the quantification of soil bearing capacity and foundation structural capacity and then followed by conventional monitoring system to observe the settlement so that within the allowable values. Therefore, this study focuses on the newly usage of distributed optical fibre sensing application to monitor strain distribution within a soil mass due to surcharge loading. It is expected to observe the strain distribution goes proportionally to vertical stress distribution concept; where higher strain measurement right below the loading position and decreases with depth. The advantage of distributed optical fibre sensing rather than conventional strain gauge is the sensor able to collect so-called average strain along the optical fibre compare to discrete measurement of strain gauge. This paper describes the experimental work conducted with the use of a distributed sensing technology named Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (BOTDA). A small scale of 1G model of a shallow foundation which represented by a load plate under incremental surcharge loading was stimulated to assess the soil mass deformation. The optical fibre were embedded in soil mass by layering in a horizontal direction which laid perpendicular to load direction. A comparison of numerical modeling using PLAXIS 2D and experimental works as part of this study. As a results, fibre optic is a good approach for instrumentations and monitoring for geotechnical structures as fibre optics is sensitive to the movement of the soil and fibre optic with anchorage system gave better strain measurement reading compare to without anchorage system

Application of Brillouin-based distributed optical fibre sensing technology to measure strain development of a slope model

For almost two decades, distributed optical fibre sensors are well-known for an alternative to conventional instrumentation in geotechnical engineering applications. However, the technology is yet to be fully implemented due to uncertainties of attachment method or the best way to deploy optical fibre for geo-structure health monitoring. Thus, a project of a 1g model of soil slope was intiated and was constructed with three layers of optical fibre that were horizontally embedded in the soil slope mass in order to observe strain development due to a surcharge load. The strain mobilizations were measured by using Brillouin Optical TimeDomain Analysis (BOTDA) sensing system during the incremental loading on the slope crest until a failure feature had been initiated. The aim of study is to evaluate the development of horizontal strains from Brillouinbased optical fibre sensor subjected to soil slope deformation which lead to slope failures. The results showed that the measurands of optical fibre were highly accumulated at the position of 0.3m depth from the slope crest. The development of high strain at this position was because of soil-fibre interaction to the overburden imposed load in perpendicular direction of optical fibre placement. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optical fibre strain in the soil-strain field were well-responded to the particle soil movement. In addition, the significant trend of positive strain curves were illustrated when the soil was under compression due to external load from a surcharge load plus self-weight of the soil material