Multiplikasi Tunas in Vitro Berdasarkan Jenis Eksplan Pada Enam Genotipe Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) / the in Vitro Shoots Multiplication Based on Explants Type on Six Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Genotypes

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is propagated vegetatively using stem cuttings. Plant propagation can utilize tissue culture techniques because it offers a faster propagation time than conventional methods, need less mother plants and labor, planting is not influenced by the season, and produce pathogen-free guaranteed seedlings. This study aims to determine the optimal type of explant for shoot multiplication of six sugarcane genotypes. The study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Plant Cell Tissue Biology Group, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor from May 2015 to June 2016. Explants from six genotypes of sugarcane (PS 881, PS 865, GMP 3, TK 386, PSJK 922, and PS 862) were grown on regeneration media based on explant type treatments (one shoot, two shoots, and three shoots per explant) that were subcultured every three weeks. Subcultures were conducted up to nine times, then observations of survival rate, shoot regeneration rate, number of new shoots, shoot height were made on the third, sixth, and ninth subcultures. The results showed interaction between genotypes and explant type were not significantly different except to the shoot regeneration in the sixth subculture. Each genotype had different multiplication rate, and PSJK 922 produced the lowest survival explant, shoot regeneration, and number of new shoot in the ninth subculture. Two shoots explant were the optimal type of explant for in vitro shoots multiplication with 4 new shoots per explant in the ninth subculture