How a crisis in the moral economy of development policy challenges state legitimacy

This PhD thesis accounts for the legitimacy challenges faced by the state that are specifically created by organized industrial workers through their anti-state unrest. It also relates such legitimacy challenges to recurring regime breakdown in unconsolidated democracies. I thus answer the question: how can we more fully account for labour-led legitimacy challenges to the state that at key times contribute to regime breakdown in unconsolidated democracies? I build on the dominant elite-driven explanations that are already emphasized in the existing theoretical literature by highlighting bottom-up labour mobilization that has not been given sufficient consideration. Moreover, I have uniquely framed such bottom-up mobilization in terms of “shared norms” in a very particular “moral economy” centred around development policy. These norms were in part created by the state as part of its informal “legitimation project” with labour. Key to the state-labour relationship within this moral economy is workers’ expectation of certain subsistence provision from the ruling regime in return for its role in state-led industrial production and national development. Such expectation of specific subsistence provision was partly built up by the state itself through its own rhetoric and policies; but this also set up the state to frequently lose legitimacy when such provision could not be delivered or maintained

Effect of Variety and Sowıng Density on Some Mıcroelements Content and Grain Yield of Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cultivars in different sowing densities on microelementsiron (Fe), nicel (Ni),zinc (Zn)and sodiım (Na) and grain yield of chickpea (Cicerarietinum L). Field experiment was performedin research farm at the University of Bingol(Turkey) in 2016. A complete blocks design in two varieties i.e. Arda and ILC-482 were in main plots, whereas five chickpea seeding density (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seed m-2) were in sub plots.The results indicated that seeding densities significantly affected grain yield and Ni content while Fe, Ni and Zn were not affected significantly.Variety ILC-482 produced the maximum grain yield (86,26 kg/da) by 60 seed/m-2 and Arda gave the lowest grain yield (19,80 kg/da) by 30 seed m-2.The highest Ni conten has been obtained from ILC482 variety (6.66 ppm) andthe lowest Ni content has been obtained from Arda variety (6.20 ppm)

Kinematic Self-Similar Plane Symmetric Solutions

This paper is devoted to classify the most general plane symmetric spacetimes according to kinematic self-similar perfect fluid and dust solutions. We provide a classification of the kinematic self-similarity of the first, second, zeroth and infinite kinds with different equations of state, where the self-similar vector is not only tilted but also orthogonal and parallel to the fluid flow. This scheme of classification yields twenty four plane symmetric kinematic self-similar solutions. Some of these solutions turn out to be vacuum. These solutions can be matched with the already classified plane symmetric solutions under particular coordinate transformations. As a result, these reduce to sixteen independent plane symmetric kinematic self-similar solutions.Comment: 29 pages, accepted for publication in Classical Quantum Gravit

Experimental and quantum chemical calculations on corrosion inhibition of mild steel by two furan derivatives

Two furan derivatives namely 5-methylfurfurylamine (MFA) and furfurylamine (FAM) were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies (IE) were measured at 0.005M of the inhibitors using electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The studied furan derivatives inhibit mild steel corrosion in acidic medium. The MFA shows higher inhibition efficiency of 84.77% compared to FAM of 41.75%. Quantum chemical calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT). Several quantum parameters were calculated to study the correlation between the molecular structures and the corrosion inhibition performance of the inhibitors. The MFA inhibitor shows higher HOMO energy, softness (S), fraction of electrons transferred (ΔN), and lower energy gap (ΔE) compared to the FAM. This result indicates a better corrosion inhibition performance of the MFA inhibitor. The results show that the calculated values of the quantum parameters using DFT calculations are consistent with the experimental findings