Ispitivanje mogućih efekata eksendina-4 u toku izlaganja blagom hroničnom stresu na sindrom policističnih jajnika izazvan dehidroepiandrosteronom kod pacova

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Exendin-4 on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats in chronic mild stress medium. For establishing the PCOS model, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (6mg/100g) in 0.2ml sesame oil was injected subcutaneously to 21-day old rats (n = 67). In addition, 0.2ml sesame oil was injected subcutaneously to the rats in groups involving solution injection only. At the initial stage of the study, the rats were grouped as control, solution and PCOS, whereas stress and Exendin-4 groups were also added in the second stage of the study. In PCOS groups, Exendin-4 was applied intraperitoneally (10μg/kg/day) in mild chronic stress medium for four weeks. The results revealed that weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin and HOMA-IR levels in the rats with PCOS were significantly higher than in the other groups; also, corticosterone levels of stress groups were significantly higher than in the other groups. In addition, harmful effects of PCOS on ovarian tissues were observed in histological examinations. However, after Exendin-4 application in PCOS groups, weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, HOMA-IR and LH/FSH levels were decreased, whereas Exendin-4 application in PCOS group treated with stress was not as effective as the application of Exendin-4 on rats with PCOS. Exendin-4 application also increased the number of healthy follicles in PCOS group, whereas there was no change in the number of healthy follicles in PCOS+Stress group

Investigation of Possible Effects of Exendin-4 during Exposure to Mild Chronic Stress on Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Exendin-4 on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats in chronic mild stress medium. For establishing the PCOS model, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (6mg/100g) in 0.2ml sesame oil was injected subcutaneously to 21-day old rats (n = 67). In addition, 0.2ml sesame oil was injected subcutaneously to the rats in groups involving solution injection only. At the initial stage of the study, the rats were grouped as control, solution and PCOS, whereas stress and Exendin-4 groups were also added in the second stage of the study. In PCOS groups, Exendin-4 was applied intraperitoneally (10 mu g/kg/day) in mild chronic stress medium for four weeks. The results revealed that weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin and HOMA-IR levels in the rats with PCOS were significantly higher than in the other groups; also, corticosterone levels of stress groups were significantly higher than in the other groups. In addition, harmful effects of PCOS on ovarian tissues were observed in histological examinations. However, after Exendin-4 application in PCOS groups, weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, HOMA-IR and LH/FSH levels were decreased, whereas Exendin-4 application in PCOS group treated with stress was not as effective as the application of Exendin-4 on rats with PCOS. Exendin-4 application also increased the number of healthy follicles in PCOS group, whereas there was no change in the number of healthy follicles in PCOS+Stress group

Melatonin's protective effect on the salivary gland against ionized radiation damage in rats

Parlakpinar, Hakan/0000-0001-9497-3468; SIMSEK, GOKCE/0000-0001-5281-0986WOS: 000379928800009PubMed: 26757153ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of melatonin on ionized radiation-induced salivary gland damage using an experimental model. Materials and MethodsThirty-two rats were randomized into four groups: (i) the control group (C, n = 8) that received intraperitoneal (i.p.) 0.9% NaCl; (ii) the melatonin group (M, n = 8) that received i.p. 5 mg/kg melatonin; (iii) the radiotherapy group (RT, n = 8) that underwent irradiation; (iv) the melatonin plus radiotherapy group (M+RT, n = 8) that received i.p. 5 mg/kg of melatonin, followed by irradiation 30 min later; and (v) the radiotherapy plus melatonin group (RT+M, n = 8) that received irradiation followed by i.p. 5 mg/kg of melatonin 30 min later. The medications and irradiation were administered for 5 days and the salivary glands of the rats were excised 10 days later; the histopathological changes in the salivary glands were assessed and biochemical analyses were conducted (tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI)). ResultsRegardless of whether melatonin was administered before or after radiotherapy, melatonin decreased the radiation-induced parotid and submandibular histological damage. In addition, regardless of whether administration occurred before or after radiotherapy, melatonin decreased oxidative stress markers, such as MDA, TOS, and OSI. On the contrary, levels of antioxidative markers, such as CAT and GPx, were increased by melatonin. ConclusionsMelatonin may have a significant protective effect on salivary gland damage secondary to ionizing radiation

Protective effects of melatonin and Β-D-Glucan against acetaminophen toxicity in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin and β-D-glucan against AA-induced liver injury in rats. Forty (SpraqueDawley male) rats were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups: sham, acetaminophen only (AA, 900 mg/kg), melatonin (10 mg/kg) + AA (MLT), β-D-glucan (50 mg/kg) + AA (β), and melatonin + β-D-glucan + AA (MLT+β) groups. All of the rats were killed on day 11 of the experiment. Histopathological changes and biochemical parameters including levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined to assess the liver function. MDA levels were the highest in the AA group whereas activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx in the liver tissue were found as lowest in this group. MDA activities were significantly lower in the MLT+β group than in the AA group. Only GPx activities in the MLT+β group were significantly higher than those in the MLT and β groups. The serum AST and ALT levels were increased significantly following treatment with AA (p < 0.001). Pretreatment with the antioxidant compounds decreased AST levels significantly but again, the levels were still significantly higher than the sham levels (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the microscopic damage between the S, MLT, β, and MLT+β groups (p > 0.05). This finding can be attributed to the higher efficacy of the combination of melatonin and β-D-glucan in scavenging free radicals and stimulating the antioxidant enzymes. [Med-Science 2016; 5(2.000): 539-43

Effects of mirtazapine on cisplatin cardiotoxicity in rats

Atypical antidepressant mirtazapine (MIR) is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder. It has not been clarified whether cardiovascular uncertainties and mechanisms of action emerge as problems during the use of mirtazapine. Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective anti-cancer medication used to treat a variety of human malignancies. There were four groups of 32 Wistar albino male rats in all. Rats were split into 4 groups at random. 1. Control Group, 2. CIS Group, 3. MIR Group, 4. MIR+CIS Group. On the 15th day of the study, ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure were determined. Histopathological and biochemical analyses were carried out on cardiac and vascular tissue samples. Comparing the CIS group to the other groups, blood pressure was considerably lower in the CIS group (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(2.000): 579-86

Dexpanthenol prevents ovarian ischemic damage via antioxidant mechanisms in rats

Ovarian torsion is a gynecological emergency characterized by ovarian ischemic damage. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of dexpanthenol (DEX)-an antioxidant molecule-against ovarian ischemic damage in rats. The rats were simple randomly grouped into (1) Sham group (n=8); (2) Ischemia (I) group (n=8) (2 hours of I in ovaries); (3) DEX+I group (n=8) (500 mg/kg DEX administration 30 minutes before 2 hours of I.) The removed ovaries were examined histopathologically and biochemically. In the DEX+I group, necrosis-pycnosis severity was significantly reduced compared to the I group; but congestion-hemorrhage severity was similar. In the I group, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were slightly increased, and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly decreased compared to the Sham group. In the DEX+I group, MDA and TOS levels were slightly reduced and GSH levels were slightly increased compared to the I group. DEX prevents ischemic damage in rat ovaries via an antioxidant effect. Further research is needed to support our findings. [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1213-7

The protective and therapeutic effects of agmatine on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Isoproterenol (ISO), a synthetic catecholamine, is used to study the effects of drugs on cardiotoxicity. Agmatine (AGM) is a type of biogenic amine produced through the decarboxylation of arginine. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of AGM against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity due to the described roles of AGM in cardiovascular disease. Four groups of thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided equally as control, ISO, AGM+ISO, and ISO+AGM. ISO was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice at a dose of 150 mg/kg, at 24-hour intervals. Prior to and after ISO injection, 20 mg/kg of AGM was injected i.p. Hemodynamic measurements and serum and tissue biochemical analyses were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tissue were measured. In the ISO group, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were increased significantly (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1290-6

Modeling Based on Ensemble Learning Methods for Detection of Diagnostic Biomarkers from LncRNA Data in Rats Treated with Cis-Platinum-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Background: The first aim of this study is to perform bioinformatic analysis of lncRNAs obtained from liver tissue samples from rats treated with cisplatin hepatotoxicity and without pathology. Another aim is to identify possible biomarkers for the diagnosis/early diagnosis of hepatotoxicity by modeling the data obtained from bioinformatics analysis with ensemble learning methods. Methods: In the study, 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group and a hepatotoxicity group. Liver samples were taken from rats, and transcriptomic and histopathological analyses were performed. The dataset achieved from the transcriptomic analysis was modeled with ensemble learning methods (stacking, bagging, and boosting). Modeling results were evaluated with accuracy (Acc), balanced accuracy (B-Acc), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (Ppv), negative predictive value (Npv), and F1 score performance metrics. As a result of the modeling, lncRNAs that could be biomarkers were evaluated with variable importance values. Results: According to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, a significant increase was observed in the sinusoidal dilatation and Hsp60 immunoreactivity values in the hepatotoxicity group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). According to the results of the bioinformatics analysis, 589 lncRNAs showed different expressions in the groups. The stacking model had the best classification performance among the applied ensemble learning models. The Acc, B-Acc, Se, Sp, Ppv, Npv, and F1-score values obtained from this model were 90%, 90%, 80%, 100%, 100%, 83.3%, and 88.9%, respectively. lncRNAs with id rna-XR_005492522.1, rna-XR_005492536.1, and rna-XR_005505831.1 with the highest three values according to the variable importance obtained as a result of stacking modeling can be used as predictive biomarker candidates for hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: Among the ensemble algorithms, the stacking technique yielded higher performance results as compared to the bagging and boosting methods on the transcriptomic data. More comprehensive studies can support the possible biomarkers determined due to the research and the decisive results for the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatotoxicity

The beneficial effects of ivabradine against myocardial damage induced by isoproterenol in rats

We aimed to investigate the potential benefits of two doses of ivabradine (IVA)-an If sodium channel blocker against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial damage in rats.The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control group (n=8); Saline was administered, ISO group (n=12); 150 mg/kg ISO was administered for 2 days, ISO+IVA (1 mg/kg) group (n=12); 1 mg/kg IVA was administered for 4 days in addition to ISO. ISO+IVA (10 mg/kg) group (n=12): 10 mg/kg IVA was administered for 4 days in addition to ISO. Thereafter, hemodynamic, histopathological, and biochemical studies were performed. In the ISO+IVA (1 mg/kg) and ISO+IVA (10 mg/kg) groups, ISO-induced myocardial changes including an increase in density of granulation tissue and degenerated cardiomyocyte were equally decreased. HR was mildly reduced, and arterial blood pressures were slightly increased in the IVA-treated groups versus the ISO group. In the hearts of IVA-treated groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced and glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) activity were mildly increased compared to the ISO group. Elevation of GSH and CAT activity were more pronounced in the ISO+IVA (10 mg/kg) group. Our results indicate that both 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses of IVA are effective against heart damage induced by ISO via its negative chronotropic, anti-oxidant (dose-dependent), anti-inflammatory and anti-degenerative properties. [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 667-73

The role of chrysin against harmful effects of formaldehyde exposure on the morphology of rat fetus liver and kidney development

This study was aimed to investigate possible harmful effects of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on the morphology of fetus liver and kidney development during pregnancy and also to determinate possible protective role of chrysin (CH) against these harmful effects. For this aim, after pregnancy was induced, 58 female rats were divided into 6 groups. Serum physiologic (SF) was injected to the Group I rats intraperitoneally (i.p.). 20 mg/kg CH was given to the Group II via gavage. 0.1 mg/kg FA was applied to the Group III (i.p.), 1 mg/kg FA was injected to Group IV (i.p.) 0.1 mg/kg FA was given to Group V i.p., and 20 mg/kg CH was given to the same group via gavage. 1 mg/kg FA was applied to Group VI i.p., and 20 mg/kg CH was given to the same group via gavage. Fetuses were taken from each pregnant rat with cesarean section on the 20th day of the pregnancy. The morphological analyses of the fetuses, liver and kidney; biochemical and histological analyses of the liver and kidney were performed. The fetal body, liver and kidney weight of the FA groups demonstrated a statistically significant decrease the compared to control group. Also the FA-1 group were observed histopathological changes on the fetus liver and kidneys. FA exposure causes harmful effects on fetus the liver and kidneys. CH reduces the negative effect on morphological variables statistically. Although CH is insufficient to fix the histopathological changes that occur in the liver, damaging effects that occur in the kidney decreased statistically. [Med-Science 2017; 6(1.000): 73-80