キソ キョウイク ニオケル シャカイ ケイザイテキ ヨウイン ニ カンスル コウサツ バングラデシュ ノ NGO プロシカ ニ チュウモク シテ

要旨 : 国連ミレニアム開発目標に基づき、2015年までに世界中の全ての人々が基礎的な初等教育を受けられる環境の整備が進められている。バングラデシュは、1991年に初等教育を義務化したものの、基礎教育を受けられない者が依然として存在する。特に、都市部と農村部の識字率の格差は大きく、政府やNGOは「万人のための教育（EFA : Education for All）」活動に取組んでいる。本稿では、同国においてノン・フォーマル教育の提供に重要な役割を担ってきた主要NGOであるプロシカに注目する。プロシカは、1990年より初等一般教育のプログラムを実施してきた。　本稿では、プロシカの実践を対象とし、学習者の基礎教育の習得度を明らかにするとともに、社会経済的要因が学習者の基礎教育習得にどのような影響を与えているかについて考察する。調査は、ラジャヒ地区（農村部）とダカ地区（都市部）の第4学年以降の子どもを対象とし、「読み・書き・計算・生活上のスキルと知識」の4分野の習得度について実施された。調査の結果は、学校の類型別、性別、地区別ごとのクロス集計や多変量解析によって処理した。基礎教育習得度に対する社会経済的要因に関するおもな知見は次のとおりであった。　・両親の学校教育経験は、都市部では影響があったが農村部ではなかった。　・生活保護受給の程度は、都市部の女子においてのみ影響があった。　・土地所有面積が大きい方が、習得度が高い傾向が見られた。　・都市部では、世帯の月収による差が習得度に影響していた。　・テレビへのアクセスはすべての子どもの習得度に影響があり、ラジオへのアクセスは都市部でのみ正の影響を与えていた。　以上のような分析から、プロシカの学校における基礎教育の習得度には、社会経済的要因の影響があることが明らかとなった。こうした社会経済的要因に関する格差を踏まえて、「万人のための教育」の取り組みが行われる必要がある

Secure data sharing in cloud and IoT by leveraging attribute-based encryption and blockchain

“Data sharing is very important to enable different types of cloud and IoT-based services. For example, organizations migrate their data to the cloud and share it with employees and customers in order to enjoy better fault-tolerance, high-availability, and scalability offered by the cloud. Wearable devices such as smart watch share user’s activity, location, and health data (e.g., heart rate, ECG) with the service provider for smart analytic. However, data can be sensitive, and the cloud and IoT service providers cannot be fully trusted with maintaining the security, privacy, and confidentiality of the data. Hence, new schemes and protocols are required to enable secure data sharing in the cloud and IoT. This work outlines our research contribution towards secure data sharing in the cloud and IoT. For secure data sharing in the cloud, this work proposes several novel attribute-based encryption schemes. The core contributions to this end are efficient revocation, prevention of collusion attacks, and multi-group support. On the other hand, for secure data sharing in IoT, a permissioned blockchain-based access control system has been proposed. The system can be used to enforce fine-grained access control on IoT data where the access control decision is made by the blockchain-based on the consensus of the participating nodes”--Abstract, page iv

Pheromone Use for Insect Control: Present Status and Prospect in Bangladesh

The insects world is filled with many odors. Insects use these odors to cue them in a variety of complex social behaviors, including courtship, mating, and egg laying. Scientists and pest control specialists have known about these complex communication systems for decades. The main aim of this study was to visualize the availability, trends and differences in the sources of pheromone control in agricultural growth of Bangladesh. It also concerned on constrains and present use of pheromone and their possible recommendation on behalf of Bangladesh agriculture. It concentrated on the data during last three decades (1980-2010), comprising status of pheromone use in Bangladesh agriculture and its future. Review revealed that Bangladesh has been enormously successful in increasing pheromone use in agricultural production (especially for vegetables). Understanding of the nature of pheromones and their potential for pest control along with the future prospective of pheromone technique in agriculture were stated. Since the pheromone, technologies for control of major crop pests in Bangladesh are still limited. So that this review emphasized on more attention to the authority to increase the research works and project facilities related to develop and promote pheromone techniques. It is highly recommended to increase availability of pheromone in market, more investment in research and development, introduction of newly identified pheromone for specific pest, to assist government and nongovernment organizations to work with farmers to reduce harmful insecticide use and promote pheromone tactics as one part of integrated crop management (ICM). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i1.14005 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (1): 47-55, June, 201

Selective Neck Dissection in N0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common form of well differentiated thyroid cancer and constitutes 1% of all solid tissue cancers with a female predominance. Surgical intervention helps in removal of lesion. Lymph node metastasis in cervical compartments is the main reason of recurrence of disease. Personalized risk stratified prophylactic neck dissection at initial thyroidectomy in Papillary thyroid carcinoma with no clinical, sonographic or per-operative evidence of lymph node metastasis has been advocated, though not unanimously. Compartment oriented lymph node dissection in patients with PTC reduces recurrence and improves survival. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the Role of selective neck dissection in case of N0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the Dept of Otolaryngology and Head neck surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka for one and a half years from September/2021 to February/2023, with 35 patients underwent total thyroidectomy with selective neck dissection (level VI, III, IV, II) for N0 Papillary thyroid carcinoma. All patients were evaluated by complete clinical head & neck examination, thyroid hormone profile, ultrasonography finding, fine needle aspiration cytology, radiology and histopathology report were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically by using by Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS-24). Results: The age was ranged from 22 to 70 years with mean age was 47.77±14.8 years. Male to female ratio was 1:2.2. 17.4% patients had multiple number of nodules and 82.86% patients had solitary nodule. 11.43 % patients had involvement of both lobes, 31.43 % had involvement of left lobe, 57.14% had involvement of right lobe. More than three-fourth (88.57%) patients, tumor size >4 cm and in case of 11.43% patients, tumor size is within 0- 4 cm. 8.6% patients had mixed echo consistency and 91.4% had solid echo consistency. Conclusion: Most of the patients were in 6th and above decade and female predominant. Solitary nodule, right lobe involvement, size more than 4cm and solid echo consistency were more frequent. Regarding selective neck dissection; 17.1% had metastasis at level VI and no metastasis at level II, III, IV. In brief, 17.1% patients had metastasis on histopathology after neck dissection and 82.9% patients had no metastasis on histopathology after neck dissection. It can be said that, Central compartment neck dissection has role in detecting metastasis at N0 stage of Papillary thyroid carcinoma but Lateral neck dissection has no role in detecting metastasis at N0 stage of Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Satisfaction Level of Credit Card Holders in Khulna City of Bangladesh

This study measures the satisfaction level of credit card users living in Khulna, Bangladesh. The study also examines the factors affecting their satisfaction level. Data have been collected from 50 credit card users living in Khulna city of Bangladesh through a self-administered questionnaire. After data collection, descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, percentage) has been calculated to measure the factor-wise satisfaction level. It has been found that users are highly satisfied with the online shopping facility as well as its convenience to use. The weighted mean value of 64.16% indicates that the users are satisfied with the overall services provided by the issuers. After that Regression analysis has been used to analyze the relationship between satisfaction and the factors that affect the satisfaction. Regression statistics shows that 56.7% variation in the dependent variable (Satisfaction of the credit card users) can be explained by the independent variables used in this study whereas convenience, Online shopping facility, Benefits & rewards are found statistically significant in influencing the satisfaction of the credit card users. This research expects that the proper use of the study findings may help the credit card issuers to develop their services as well as increase customer satisfaction. Keywords: Satisfaction, Credit Card Users, Khulna City, Bangladesh

Does Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to CO2 Emission? Evidence from Bangladesh

This work used the Johansen Cointegration Test and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) cointegration methodology to assess the long-run cointegrating relationship and short-run dynamics in Bangladesh between energy consumption economic growth, foreign direct investment, urbanization, population growth, and carbon emissions. To assess the long-term association between these variables, we examined data from 1972 to 2014, and empirical estimation revealed that all factors are significant at the 1% level of significance in the case of Bangladesh. Thus, energy consumption, economic growth, foreign direct investment, urbanization, population growth, and carbon emissions  all have shown the predicted sign and are statistically significant, indicating that increased energy consumption, gross domestic product, and population increase all are responsible for increased carbon emissions in Bangladesh. Higher FDI inflows, on the other hand, cut per capita carbon emissions in Bangladesh. On the other hand, the empirical outcome has revealed that there is no substantial causal association between carbon emissions and urbanization. Keywords: CO2; FDI; GDP; population growth; energy consumption; VECM DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-12-05 Publication date:June 30th 202

Antagonistic Gcn5-Hda1 interactions revealed by mutations to the Anaphase Promoting Complex in yeast

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Histone post-translational modifications are critical for gene expression and cell viability. A broad spectrum of histone lysine residues have been identified in yeast that are targeted by a variety of modifying enzymes. However, the regulation and interaction of these enzymes remains relatively uncharacterized. Previously we demonstrated that deletion of either the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) <it>GCN5 </it>or the histone deacetylase (HDAC) <it>HDA1 </it>exacerbated the temperature sensitive (<it>ts</it>) mutant phenotype of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) <it>apc5^CA</it>allele. Here, the <it>apc5^CA</it>mutant background is used to study a previously uncharacterized functional antagonistic genetic interaction between Gcn5 and Hda1 that is not detected in <it>APC5 </it>cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using Northerns, Westerns, reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and mutant phenotype suppression analysis, we observed that Hda1 and Gcn5 appear to compete for recruitment to promoters. We observed that the presence of Hda1 can partially occlude the binding of Gcn5 to the same promoter. Occlusion of Gcn5 recruitment to these promoters involved Hda1 and Tup1. Using sequential ChIP we show that Hda1 and Tup1 likely form complexes at these promoters, and that complex formation can be increased by deleting <it>GCN5</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data suggests large Gcn5 and Hda1 containing complexes may compete for space on promoters that utilize the Ssn6/Tup1 repressor complex. We predict that in <it>apc5^CA</it>cells the accumulation of an APC target may compensate for the loss of both <it>GCN5 </it>and <it>HDA1</it>.</p

Investigating the drying characteristics of Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich ex Walp wood

Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich ex Walp is widely used as raw materials in particleboard and match industries in Bangladesh. The current study aimed to identify the drying characteristics of A. Chinensis wood for succeeding industrial usages. A compartment kiln dryer (heat and vent dryer) was used in this study. The drying characteristics and drying quality of A. Chinensis wood were measured. The boards reached 6–10% moisture content in 13 days from their green condition. The total proportions of the check, twist, and collapse in boards were 22.5, 32.5, and 7.3%, respectively. The volumetric shrinkage was 21.67%. Based on this study, further study may help to develop a complete drying schedule of A. Chinensis wood with fewer drying defects for application at industrial level

TUKAB: An Efficient NAT Traversal Scheme on Security of VoIP Network System Based on Session Initiation Protocol

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is subject to many security threats unique to both telephony and traditional Internet data transmission. As adoption of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based telephony increases, concerns are rising over risks to system confidentiality, integrity and availability. Currently, several VoIP security tools are available to detect vulnerabilities and protect against attacks. In this paper we present various issues concerning the security of VoIP. A brief discussion of the SIP protocol is presented based on its operating principle. Finally we proposed a solution for the Network Address Translation (NAT) traversal problem of SIP based networks. This solution supports all types of NAT and maintains the current VoIP architecture. Based on our experiment, we examined the latency, buffer size and voice packet loss under various network conditions. We found that it is possible to establish a call from outside the NAT to inside maintaining the quality issues of VoIP call. With this approach it is possible to use the current network architecture with having few changes in the registrar server. Hence we evaluate our model showing the QoS conditions that achieves both high efficiency and secure voice transmission. Sufficient simulation results are presented to verify our model