ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PENGOLAHAN IKAN SALAI DI KELURAHAN AIR DINGIN KECAMATAN BUKIT RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU PROVINSI RIAU (Studi Kasus Pada Usaha Ikan Salai Sedap Bakat)

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of entrepreneurs and smoked fish business profile; availability, acquisition, and use of raw materials and supporting materials for smoked fish processing business; non-financial business feasibility and financial feasibility of smoked fish processing business; and the sensitivity of the smoked fish processing business. The method used in this research was a case study in the processing business of "Spiced Fish Bakat" in Air Dingin Village, Bukit Raya District, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province. This research was carried out for six months starting from January to June 2022. The respondents in this study were entrepreneurs and four workers. Data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis (market and marketing aspects, technical aspects, environmental aspects, legal aspects, and management aspects, and financial aspects using four investment criteria (NPV, Net B/C, IRR, and Payback Period) and sensitivity analysis with the Switching Value approach. The results showed that the characteristics of entrepreneurs belong to the productive age with 46 years of age, 16 years of education (graduate) with 12 years of business experience, and 4 family members. Salai Sedap Bakat fish processing business is classified as a small-scale and household business and still uses traditional technology in the production process. Non-financial feasibility from market and marketing aspects, technical aspects, legal aspects, and management aspects of the salai fish business was feasible. The environmental aspect was not yet feasible because there is no provision for waste treatment from the by-products of smoked fish processing. Meanwhile, financially the Salai Sedap Bakat fish processing business is feasible to be continued and developed because it is profitable based on 4 investment criteria with an NPV of IDR 50,086,397 > 0, Net B/C with a value of 1.43 > 1, an IRR value of 21% > i ( 6.69%) and Payback Period for 4 years 1 month 5 days < business life (10 years). Based on sensitivity analysis using the switching value approach, the profit of the Salai Sedap Bakat Fish Business was more sensitive to the decline in the price of catfish production with a decrease in the NPV value of 90.65% and a decrease in the production of smoked catfish with a percentage of 90.28% compared with an increase in operational costs with a percentage of 82.36% of the base value

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA AGROWISATA KAMPOENG RABBIT’S DI KELURAHAN MENTANGOR KECAMATAN TENAYAN RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU PROVINSI RIAU

Agrotourism is a tourist activity that involves the use of agricultural land or related facilities that become an attraction for tourists. Agriculture in the broadest sense includes people's agriculture, plantations, livestock, fisheries, and forestry. This study aims to analyze: The financial viability of the agrotourism business kampoeng rabbit's. The research method is a survey method, on the agrotourism business kampoeng rabbit's in the Village of Mentangor District Tenayan Raya Kota Pekanbaru. The study was conducted for 6 months starting from August 2020 to January 2021. The respondents in this study were entrepreneurs and 8 workers. Furthermore, this study was analyzed descriptively quantitatively, business analysis, investment criteria (Net Present Value, Internal Rate Of Return, Net B /C and Payback Period). The types of data used are secondary data and primary data. The results of this study showed that the financial feasibility analysis of the ecotourism business kampoeng rabbit's worthy because it has met 4 investment criteria with an NPV value of 637,900,658 > 0, Net B / C 1.17 > 1, IRR 29% > 12% payback rate for 2 years 11 months 2 days < business life (10 years)

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research

Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 with both hypoxia and systemic inflammation. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Those trial participants with hypoxia (oxygen saturation <92% on air or requiring oxygen therapy) and evidence of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein ≥75 mg/L) were eligible for random assignment in a 1:1 ratio to usual standard of care alone versus usual standard of care plus tocilizumab at a dose of 400 mg–800 mg (depending on weight) given intravenously. A second dose could be given 12–24 h later if the patient's condition had not improved. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between April 23, 2020, and Jan 24, 2021, 4116 adults of 21 550 patients enrolled into the RECOVERY trial were included in the assessment of tocilizumab, including 3385 (82%) patients receiving systemic corticosteroids. Overall, 621 (31%) of the 2022 patients allocated tocilizumab and 729 (35%) of the 2094 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 0·85; 95% CI 0·76–0·94; p=0·0028). Consistent results were seen in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including those receiving systemic corticosteroids. Patients allocated to tocilizumab were more likely to be discharged from hospital within 28 days (57% vs 50%; rate ratio 1·22; 1·12–1·33; p<0·0001). Among those not receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, patients allocated tocilizumab were less likely to reach the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (35% vs 42%; risk ratio 0·84; 95% CI 0·77–0·92; p<0·0001). Interpretation: In hospitalised COVID-19 patients with hypoxia and systemic inflammation, tocilizumab improved survival and other clinical outcomes. These benefits were seen regardless of the amount of respiratory support and were additional to the benefits of systemic corticosteroids. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication

ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHATANI JERUK SIAM DI KECAMATAN KUOK KABUPATEN KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik petani, profil usahatani, penerapan teknik budidaya jeruk Siam, analisis usahatani dan efisiesi usahatani jeruk Siam di Kecamatan Kuok Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik petani jeruk Siam yaitu rata-rata umur petani berada pada usia produktif, rata-rata tingkat pendidikan setara SMA, rata-rata pengalaman berusahatani dengan sangat berpengalaman dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga tergolong kecil. Profil usahatani petani jeruk Siam yaitu rata-rata luas lahan dengan skala luas, rata-rata tenaga kerja sedikit (usaha mikro) dan rata-rata modal kecil (usaha mikro). Teknik budidaya tanaman jeruk Siam di Kecamatan Kuok pada kegiatan penanaman, penyiraman, pemupukan dan penyiangan belum sesuai dengan anjuran. Sedangkan untuk kegiatan pemangkasan, penjarangan buah, penyangga, pengendalian hama dan penyakit sudah sesuai dengan anjuran budidaya tanaman jeruk Siam. Hasil analisis rata-rata efisiensi usahatani adalah layak dan efisien. Hasil analisis efisiensi fungsi produksi menunjukkan bahwa pupuk berpengaruh nyata dan signifikan, bibit tidak berpengaruh nyata dan tidak signifikan, sedangkan luas lahan, pestisida dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh nyata tapi tidak signifikan terhadap hasil produksi. Hasil analisis efisiensi teknis, alokat dan ekonomis usahatani jeruk Siam di Kecamatan Kuok adalah layak dan efisien

Increasing the Competitiveness of Agroindustry Sago Products through Resource Optimization

The main source of agro-industrial raw materials mainstay of Meranti Islands Regency is Sago plants. The research aims to optimize resource use to increase the Sago agro-industrial competitiveness. Surveys were used as the research method. The census was chosen to take 56 respondents for review. SEM-PLS and Diamond Porters used data analysis methods—factors condition: natural, human, scientific, capital, and infrastructure resources. Demand conditions include household or small industry demand, export demand, and demand between districts, provinces, and countries. Related and supporting industries include manufacturing, home, distribution of Sago farmers, Sago refineries ownership, and a sewage treatment industry. Firm structure, strategy, and rivalry have competition between regions and countries and create labor. The government's role includes ease of licensing, research on Sago, land mapping, access to capital, and coaching. Chances include domestic political conditions and the use of social media. Competitiveness can be reflected in business profits. Results of the research show that demand conditions, firm structure, factor conditions, related and supporting industries, strategy and business competition, government involvement, and chances were determinants of increasing competitiveness of the agro-industrial Sago product. However, the condition factors (physical/natural resources, infrastructure resources, human resources, capital resources, and scientific resources) determine the most. In the future, utilization conditions need to be optimized to increase the competitiveness of the Sago agro-industrial as well as improve the welfare of the community

Combined use of biochar with 15Nitrogen labelled urea increases rice yield, N use efficiency and fertilizer N recovery under water-saving irrigation

Biochar is a potential carbon-rich soil amendment that improves the physicochemical properties of soil, besides acting as a controlled release fertilizer. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochars on rice yield, fertilizer use efficiency and recovery under water-saving irrigation by 15N isotopic tracer study. Two types of irrigation as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF), and four types of biochar treatments such as rice husk biochar (RHB) with 15N urea, oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) with 15N urea, 15N urea alone and control, were applied to assess their impact on rice. About 4% reduced grain yield with 18% improved water productivity was achieved by the AWD regime over the CF, whereas RHB and EFBB significantly increased rice yield compared to unamended soil. RHB and EFBB enhanced the water productivity up to 25.3%. The fertilizer N uptake and recovery were boosted by RHB and EFBB up to 18.8% and 24.5%, respectively. RHB and EFBB accelerated the agronomic use efficiency and partial factor productivity of N (up to 21% and 8%, respectively). RHB and EFBB profoundly enhanced the pH, the total C and N and the available N (NH4+ and NO3−) of the post-harvest soil. This study suggests that adding RHB and EFBB with urea improves fertilizer N utilization and soil N retention, and their combination with AWD could enhance rice yield with better water productivity due to their porous structure and controlled N release capacity