Hydrolyzed alpha-lactalbumin as a source of protein to the exercising

This work describes the effect of feeding enzymatically hydrolyzed a-lactalbumin on blood sugar, albumin and fatty acids, muscular and hepatic glycogen of rats subjected to physical exercise. Three normoenergetic/normoproteic diets, containing either casein (C), alpha-lactalbumin (L) or alpha-lactalbumin hydrolyzate (H) were fed to thirty male Wistar rats for five weeks. During this period, half of the rats swam for 1 hr daily (T category) while the other half remained sedentary (S category). At the end of training, all rats were required to swim to exhaustion. The results showed that those rats of the T-category consuming diet H reached exhaustion with significantly higher concentrations of serum glucose ([H] 56.0 and [L] 32.3 mg/100ml), serum albumin ([H] 3.8 and [L] 2.1 mg/dl) and muscle glycogen ([H] 2.1 and [L] 0.6 mg/g), while no differences were observed between diets regarding the time of arrival to exhaustion. Results from diets C and L differed minimally. It was concluded that feeding the hydrolyzed protein may result in nutritional advantage to the exercising rat. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V

Efeitos do treinamento físico de alta intensidade sobre os leucócitos de ratos diabéticos Effects of high intensity physical training on the leukocytes of diabetic rats

Estudos têm demonstrado que o exercício físico regular melhora as condições do diabetes, facilitando a captação periférica da glicose e o metabolismo de glicogênio, proteínas, etc. Por outro lado, pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos do exercício intenso em diabéticos, principalmente com relação ao sistema imune desses organismos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de um treinamento físico de alta intensidade sobre a contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos em ratos diabéticos. Ratos machos jovens Wistar foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: controle sedentário (CS), controle treinado (CT), diabético sedentário (DS) e diabético treinado (DT). O diabetes foi induzido por aloxana (35mg/kg de peso corporal). Durante seis semanas os animais dos grupos CT e DT realizaram um protocolo de treinamento físico, que consistiu na realização de quatro séries de 10 saltos (intercaladas por um minuto de intervalo) em piscina, com o nível da água correspondendo a 150% do comprimento corporal e sobrecarga equivalente a 50% da massa corporal dos animais. Ao final do período experimental, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente por ANOVA com um nível de significância de 5%. A glicemia foi aumentada entre os diabéticos e a insulinemia diminuída. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na contagem diferencial dos linfócitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos e contagem total de leucócitos entre os grupos estudados. Houve aumento dos monócitos entre os treinados (CS = 10,0 ± 4,5, CT* = 25,4 ± 7,9, DS = 19,75 ± 7,4, DT* = 25,8 ± 4,4%). O peso relativo do timo foi reduzido pelo treinamento e pelo diabetes (CS = 125,0 ± 37,7, CT* = 74,6 ± 8,2, DS* = 47,5 ± 12,2, DT* = 40,1 ± 16,9mg/100g). Esses resultados permitem concluir que o treinamento físico de alta intensidade não alterou o estado geral do diabetes, mas aumentou os monócitos, o que pode representar um efeito positivo sobre a resposta imunológica desses animais.<br>Several studies have demonstrated that regular physical activity improves diabetes conditions, favoring the peripheral glucose uptake, glycogen and protein metabolism. However, the effects of high intensity physical training on the immune system of diabetic organisms are not totally clear. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of high intensity physical training on the total and differential leukocyte count of diabetic rats. Male young Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD) and trained diabetic (TD). Diabetes was induced by alloxan (30 mg/kg body weight i.v.). During six weeks the animals of TC and TD groups followed a high intensity physical training protocol which consisted of four sets of 10 jumps/day (interrupted by one minute of rest interval) in a swimming pool, with the water level corresponding to 150% of the body length and overload equivalent to 50% of the body weight. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for total and differential leukocyte count. The results were analyzed by ANOVA at a significance level of 5%. Serum glucose was increased in diabetic groups while the insulin level was reduced in these groups. There were no significant differences in lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and in total leukocyte count when the groups were compared. Monocytes count was higher in both trained groups (SC = 10.0 ± 4.5, TC* = 25.4 ± 7.9, SD = 19.75 ± 7.4, TD* = 25.8 ± 4.4%). The relative weight of the thymus was reduced by diabetes and training (SC = 125.0 ± 37.7, TC* =74.6 ± 8.2, SD* = 47.5 ± 12.2, TD* = 40.1 ± 16.9). In conclusion, the high intensity physical training protocol did not change the general diabetes conditions, but improved relative monocytes. These results can represent a positive effect on the immune response