Implementing an E-Democracy System in Nigeria

E-democracy basically comprises the use of electronic communications technologies such as the internet, in enhancing and advancing the democratic process within a democratic republic. E-democracy is an innovation still in its infant stage; and is still subject to much debate and activity within government, civic oriented groups and societies around the world. In most developing countries including Nigeria, there exists a low attitude of participation of the citizens in governance. Social, political, insecurity, Corruption and other forms of electoral manipulation discourage the electorate from getting involved in government From the various elections conducted since independence, about half the number of registered voters actually voted during elections. In addition, less than half of those who voted were involved in participatory governance. The objective is of this paper is development of a web-based system that will foster and encourage active citizenship participation by implementing democratic practices like voting and election campaign. The system was developed using PHP as front end, Apache as web server and MySQL as Database. The benefits of having an e-Democracy system are numerous: It reduces the success of rigging during elections. It is time saving because it reduced some undue electoral processes. It allows for easy communication between the citizens and their elected candidates. Keywords:  Citizen, e-Democracy, Election, e-Governance, Voting and Participatio

Implementing an E-Democracy System in Nigeria

E-democracy basically comprises the use of electronic communications technologies such as the internet, in enhancing and advancing the democratic process within a democratic republic. E-democracy is an innovation still in its infant stage; and is still subject to much debate and activity within government, civic oriented groups and societies around the world. In most developing countries including Nigeria, there exists a low attitude of participation of the citizens in governance. Social, political, insecurity, Corruption and other forms of electoral manipulation discourage the electorate from getting involved in government From the various elections conducted since independence, about half the number of registered voters actually voted during elections. In addition, less than half of those who voted were involved in participatory governance. The objective is of this paper is development of a web-based system that will foster and encourage active citizenship participation by implementing democratic practices like voting and election campaign. The system was developed using PHP as front end, Apache as web server and MySQL as Database. The benefits of having an e-Democracy system are numerous: It reduces the success of rigging during elections. It is time saving because it reduced some undue electoral processes. It allows for easy communication between the citizens and their elected candidates

Development of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Prototype for Interpreting Predictive Models

Artificial Intelligence (AI) now depends on black box machine learning (ML) models which lack algorithmic transparency. Some governments are responding to this through legislation like the “Right of Explanation” rule in the EU and “Algorithmic Accountability Act” in the USA in 2019. The attempt to open up the black box and introduce some level of interpretation has given rise to what is today known as Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The objective of this paper is to provide a design and implementation of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Prototype (ExplainEx) that interprets predictive models by explaining their confusion matrix, component classes and classification accuracy. This study is limited to four ML algorithms including J48, Random Tree, RepTree and FURIA. At the core of the software is an engine automating a seamless interaction between Expliclas Web API and the trained datasets, to provide natural language explanation. The prototype is both a stand-alone and client-server based system capable of providing global explanations for any model built on any of the four ML algorithms. It supports multiple concurrent users in a client-server environment and can apply all four algorithms concurrently on a single dataset and returning both precision score and explanation. It is a ready tool for researchers who have datasets and classifiers prepared for explanation. This work bridges the gap between prediction and explanation, thereby allowing researchers to concentrate on data analysis and building state-of-the-art predictive models

Enhancing the Low Adoption Rate of M‐commerce in Nigeria Through Yorùbá Voice Technology

There has been claims and reports that 70% of m‐commerce in Nigeria failed due to non‐interactive, non‐responsive and non‐interesting platform. Despite the popularity and growth of m‐commerce globally, developing countries like Nigeria seems to be lagging behind and at the same time, many mcommerce sites have been reported to close down due to unprofitability. The key factors that contribute to this failure are health, literacy e‐literacy language and accessibility barrier. All these key factors are formidable barriers to adoption of m‐commerce in Nigeria and have discouraged most people from fully adopting m‐commerce. Hence, this work explored a Yorùbá voice‐based m‐commerce system to enhance smooth m‐commerce operations and at the same time, enhance the low adoption rate of mcommerce users. This work was able to discover a foundation for advancing the current growing trends of m‐commerce making them sustainable which is also applicable to e‐commerce or any e‐platforms

The Emerging Threat of Ai-driven Cyber Attacks: A Review

Cyberattacks are becoming more sophisticated and ubiquitous. Cybercriminals are inevitably adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to evade the cyberspace and cause greater damages without being noticed. Researchers in cybersecurity domain have not researched the concept behind AI-powered cyberattacks enough to understand the level of sophistication this type of attack possesses. This paper aims to investigate the emerging threat of AI-powered cyberattacks and provide insights into malicious used of AI in cyberattacks. The study was performed through a three-step process by selecting only articles based on quality, exclusion, and inclusion criteria that focus on AI-driven cyberattacks. Searches in ACM, arXiv Blackhat, Scopus, Springer, MDPI, IEEE Xplore and other sources were executed to retrieve relevant articles. Out of the 936 papers that met our search criteria, a total of 46 articles were finally selected for this study. The result shows that 56% of the AI-Driven cyberattack technique identified was demonstrated in the access and penetration phase, 12% was demonstrated in exploitation, and command and control phase, respectively; 11% was demonstrated in the reconnaissance phase; 9% was demonstrated in the delivery phase of the cybersecurity kill chain. The findings in this study shows that existing cyber defence infrastructures will become inadequate to address the increasing speed, and complex decision logic of AI-driven attacks. Hence, organizations need to invest in AI cybersecurity infrastructures to combat these emerging threats.publishedVersio

Development of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Prototype for Interpreting Predictive Models

Artificial Intelligence (AI) now depends on black box machine learning (ML) models which lack algorithmic transparency. Some governments are responding to this through legislation like the “Right of Explanation†rule in the EU and “Algorithmic Accountability Act†in the USA in 2019. The attempt to open up the black box and introduce some level of interpretation has given rise to what is today known as Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The objective of this paper is to provide a design and implementation of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Prototype (ExplainEx) that interprets predictive models by explaining their confusion matrix, component classes and classification accuracy. This study is limited to four ML algorithms including J48, Random Tree, RepTree and FURIA. At the core of the software is an engine automating a seamless interaction between Expliclas Web API and the trained datasets, to provide natural language explanation. The prototype is both a stand-alone and client-server based system capable of providing global explanations for any model built on any of the four ML algorithms. It supports multiple concurrent users in a client-server environment and can apply all four algorithms concurrently on a single dataset and returning both precision score and explanation. It is a ready tool for researchers who have datasets and classifiers prepared for explanation. This work bridges the gap between prediction and explanation, thereby allowing researchers to concentrate on data analysis and building state-of-the-art predictive models

Implementing An E-Governance System: A Panacea for Improving the Productivity of Civil Service in Nigeri

E-Governance basically comprises of the use of communication and technologies such as the internet resources in advancing and enhancing work processes in both the public sector (civil service) and other sectors. With the advent of information and communication technology, government activities have become simple and efficient. This has enabled governments to record remarkable success in service delivery. In developing countries, E-governance is still an emerging innovation. However, as a result of the general clamour to improve efficiency, quality and overall productivity in the public sector, governments all over the globe including Nigeria have embraced the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The trusts of this paper says that the statutory role of the Nigerian civil service as a tool for sustainable development has been that of declining productivity occasioned by the prevailing rot, corruption, inefficiency, lack of transparency, bureaucratic bottlenecks and analogue system of operation. The paper argues that the abnormality can no longer be taken for granted and therefore, highlights various reasons for law productivity in the civil service. Against the backdrop of this inherent low productivity in the civil service as well as the general advocacy to reform and reposition the public sector for better services delivery, the paper further posits that one of the instruments or strategies to improve productivity in the Nigerian civil service is the full adoption or implementation of E-governance system. The paper offers some useful recommendations for a successful implementation of E-governance in the Nigerian civil service. In conducting this research, the method of data collection was mainly from secondary sources and examined through content analysi