The effect of endurance training intensity on the expression of perlipin-A protein of visceral adipose tissue, serum glucose and insulin levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Background and aims: Changes in the expression of lipid droplet adipocyte proteins, such as prelipipin A (PLINA) cause alter lipolysis and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the three endurance training intensities (low, moderate and high) on the expression of PLINA protein in visceral adipose tissue, serum glucose and insulin levels in male diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n=8) including diabetic group with low intensity endurance training, moderate intensity group, high intensity group, diabetic and healthy control groups. After induction of diabetic rats by injection of streptozotocin, endurance training was performed with different intensities for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The relative expression of PLINA protein was measured by western blot technique. One-way variance analysis and Tukey's post hoc test were used to determine the difference between the groups. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between PLINA levels in healthy and diabetic control groups with endurance training groups (with low, moderate and high intensity) (P=0.018). These differences were between low intensity training and healthy control groups (P=0.033) and between diabetic and healthy control groups (P=0.020). Serum glucose and insulin levels were significantly different between the diabetic control and endurance training groups (low, moderate and high) (P=0.001). This difference was between high-intensity training group with low intensity training (P=0.046), diabetic control (P=0.001) and healthy control (P=0.011) groups. Conclusion: Moderate and high intensity endurance training can compensate for the loss caused by diabetes in the expression of the PLINA protein and reduces serum levels of insulin and glucose in these mice. It seems that more intensity endurance training leads to more increase in PLINA expression in diabetic rats

The Effect of an Eight Week Combined Exercise Training on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: The basic levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation is higher than normal in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, due to the positive effects of exercise training (especially combined exercise training) on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in healthy people, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8 week combined exercise training (Aerobic and Resistance) on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 27 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (age 55.30&plusmn;4.1 years old, BMI 26.47&plusmn;3.08 kg/m2) from Yazd city were purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=13) and control (n=14) groups. The experimental group participated in an eight week combined exercise training (three session per week), but during this period, the control group did not participate &nbsp;in any exercise training program. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and body fat percent were measured before and after the eight-week combined exercise training. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Serum SOD and CAT levels significantly increased (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively) and the MDA levels decreased (P = 0.036) in the experimental group after 8 weeks of combined exercise training. Also, FBS (P=0.000) and body fat percent (P=0.005) decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusions: It seems that oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation status in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in the experimental group improve after eight weeks of combined exercise training, compared with the control group

The effect of eight weeks of resistance training on activin receptor type II-B and plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 11 and 8 in cardiac physiological hypertrophy in male wistar rats

Background: Exercise training can be effective on cardiac physiological hypertrophy (that is favorable for cardiac function) by changing the concentration of growth factors and their receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of resistance training on activin receptor type II-B (ActRIIβ), as well as plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) in cardiac physiological hypertrophy in male Wistar rats. Methods: After the familiarization period, fourteen 3-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and training groups (n= 7). Resistance training included 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week climbing from a 1-meter ladder. GDF11 and GDF8 of plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and ActRIIB of left ventricular myocardium was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Data were analyzed using independent t test and Mann-Whitney U at the significance level of P < 0.050. Findings: There was a significant difference between the training and control groups in heart weight (P = 0.004), heart weight/body weight (P =0.045), GDF11 (P = 0.001), and GDF8/GDF11 (P = 0.015). There was not any significant differences between the training and control groups in ActRIIβ (P = 0.768) and GDF8 (P = 0.295) levels. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that resistance training with favorable effects on growth factors is an important strategy in cardiac physiological hypertroph

Effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic Training on Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Microwave Radiation Emitted from Wi-FiRouters

Abstract &nbsp; Background & aim: Exposure to electromagnetic waves can lead to oxidative stress. On the other hand, the antioxidant system function of the body increases with regular exercise and reduces oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on oxidative stress markers in rats exposed to electromagnetic microwave radiation emitted from the Wi-Fi routers. &nbsp; Methods: In this experimental study, 26 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) with a weight range of 200&plusmn;20 g were randomly divided into four groups including: control, radiation, exercise, and radiation + training. The main training program consisted of 8 weeks (one session a day and five days a week) running on a treadmill for animals at 40 to 60% max speed, and the protocol included one hour of exposure to a 45.2 GHz rays of Wi-Fi modem for 8 weeks. Before and 48 hours after the main interventions, blood samples were taken from all groups. Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were measured by ELISA and validated by MDA and MDA kits with TBA method. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, Tukey and T-test. &nbsp; Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference among the different groups in the study. Eight weeks of exposure to Wi-Fi radiation caused a decrease in plasma levels of SOD and GPx and an increase in MDA. On the other hand, eight weeks of aerobic exercise increased plasma levels SOD and GPx, and reduced MDA. Tukey's test showed that there was a significant difference between SOD and GPx in all groups, except for those with radiation + (p = 0.099 and p = 0.073). In MDA, the difference was significant among all groups, except for the aerobic group + aerobic training group with aerobic training and control groups (p = 0.331 and p = 0.717). The results of t-test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test of all variables in the research. &nbsp; Conclusion: It seems that regular aerobic exercise exercises can have beneficial effects on the antioxidant system and modulate the oxidative stress indices induced by the Wi-Fi radiation. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp