Determinants of Malaysia’s Expenditure on Security and Its Impact towards Economic Growth

This paper aims to better understand the relationship between security expenses and their impact on economic growth for Malaysia. Using time-series data from 1971 to 2020, this study adopts the AK and Barro’s (1990) Model as the basis of the empirical model and employs ARDL estimation regression. The results suggest significant short-run and long-run relationships between security expenditure and economic growth in Malaysia. We recommend that the Malaysian government improve its method of allocating national expenses by appointing an independent group of experts in economics and security to incorporate technology when devising the budget for security. Keywords: Determinants; Expenditure; Security; Economic Growth   eISSN: 2398-4287© 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI