4 research outputs found
Common causes and trends of hepatocellular carcinoma at regional cancer centre Raipur, India
Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is the third most common cause of cancer related deaths in Asia-pacific region. Representative data on epidemiology of HCC in India is scanty and mostly from urban areas. It is more common in males then female. Hepatitis, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin and other hepatotoxins in diet are common causes. Authors did a study for the common causes and trends of the HCC registered at authors’ centre between January 2013 to November 2018.Methods: Authors analyzed their hospital data for the patient registered with the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma at their centre during the study period for age, sex, number and causes.Results: Out of 23,766 patients registered for cancer in study period, 132 (0.55%) patients were of HCC, of which 89 (66.4%) were males and 43 (32.6%) were females, with ratio of 2:1. Commonest age group was between 50-59 years 46 (34.6%) followed by 40-49years 26 (19.5%). No patients were below 20 years of age. Among the commonest causes were alcohol consumption in 71 (53.4%), hepatitis B in 37 (27.8%), hepatitis C in 10 (7.5%), HIV in 4 (3%) and unknown in 11 (8.3%). There is rising trend in males and declining trend in females.Conclusions: Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is low among all cancer but has high mortality rate. Alcohol consumption and hepatitis were the commonest cause. It is common above 40 years specially in males
Monte Carlo study of dosimetric parameters and dose distribution effect of inhomogeneities and source position of GammaMed Plus source
Background: The conventional treatment planning system (TPS) gives
analytical calculations with approximately ±15?20% dose
uncertainty, which may lead to over exposure of critical organs or
under dose of target as well as the presence of inhomogeneities, and
the position of source affects the exact dose calculation like in
breast and intraluminal brachytherapy. Aim: To obtain dose distribution
parameters of GammaMed Plus high dose rate (HDR) 192 Ir source using
Monte Carlo (MC) EGSnrc and GEANT4 codes as well as to find the effect
on dose distribution due to source position, and due to presence of air
and cortical bone by using MC GEANT4 code, and to find the similarity
of both studies with any past study of any HDR brachytherapy source for
either as input to TPS or verification of TPS calculations. Settings
and Design: It is done using different software of the computer, e.g.,
excel, MS word, etc. Materials and Methods: The source, source position
for different studies, water phantom, water characteristics, points of
measurements, air and cortical bone inhomogeneities, and position of
inhomogeneities were simulated. Statistical Analysis Used: For
uncertainties calculation, mean and probability are used. Results: The
calculated dose rate constant, radial dose function, and 2D anisotropy
function of the source show similarity with published data. Calculated
dose distribution differences due to presence of air and cortical bone,
and position of source in water phantom also show similarity with
published data. Conclusion: These results can either be implemented in
TPS or can be used for verification of TPS calculations