Iridoids and polyphenols found in young sesame leaves.

<p>Iridoids and polyphenols found in young sesame leaves.</p

Changes in contents of major components in sesame leaves at different growth stages.

<p>Plots of the figure presents lamalbid (<b>I1</b>, open triangle), sesamoside (<b>I2</b>, open circle), shanzhiside methyl ester (<b>I3</b>, open square), pedaliin (<b>P4</b>, solid triangle) and acteoside (<b>P5</b>, solid circle).</p

NMR spectroscopic data for compounds P3, P4 and P7.

<p>NMR spectroscopic data for compounds P3, P4 and P7.</p

Content (%) of compounds in young sesame leaves cultivated in different regions in harvest years 2013 through 2016.

<p>Content (%) of compounds in young sesame leaves cultivated in different regions in harvest years 2013 through 2016.</p

Chemical characterization and biological activity in young sesame leaves (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) and changes in iridoid and polyphenol content at different growth stages

<div><p>Three iridoids (lamalbid (<b>I1</b>), sesamoside (<b>I2</b>) and shanzhiside methyl ester (<b>I3</b>)) and seven polyphenols (cistanoside F (<b>P1</b>), chlorogenic acid (<b>P2</b>), pedalitin-6-<i>O</i>-laminaribioside (<b>P3</b>), pedaliin (<b>P4</b>), isoacteoside (<b>P6</b>), pedalitin (<b>P7</b>) and martynoside (<b>P8</b>)) were identified in young sesame leaves (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) other than the acteoside (<b>P5</b>) reported previously. <b>P3</b> was a new compound, and <b>I1</b>, <b>I3</b>, <b>P2</b> and <b>P8</b> were found in a species of <i>Sesamum</i> for the first time. HPLC analyses revealed that the compounds <b>I1</b> (0.29–1.75% of dry leaves), <b>I2</b> (0.38–0.87%), <b>I3</b> (0.04–1.07%), <b>P4</b> (0.01–2.05%) and <b>P5</b> (0.13–4.86%) were present primarily in young sesame leaves and were found in plants cultivated on different farms (plant height, 30–70 cm). Of the identified compounds, <b>P5</b> and <b>P6</b> showed high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and <i>in vitro</i> antiglycation activities. Given its content, <b>P5</b> makes a major contribution to the biological activities of young sesame leaves. The compounds were examined at six different growth stages of plants cultured in a greenhouse to determine the optimum harvest stage and for end-use assessment. <b>P5</b> accumulated in the leaves during growth, and the content reached a maximum of 12.9% of dry leaves in the 4th stage (plant height, 74.5±9.7 cm), which is one of the highest percentages reported in plants from nature.</p></div

Chemical characterization and biological activity in young sesame leaves (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) and changes in iridoid and polyphenol content at different growth stages - Fig 1

<p>UPLC-PDA chromatograms (A) and UV spectral data (B) of young sesame leaves.</p