Modernism in the eyes of T.S Eliot: break from traditional writings with literary forms and movements

This paper owes to uncover the modern aspects in the writings of T. S. Eliot. Modernism, a movement which erupts from philosophy and has a “self-conscious” break from traditional writings and worked with literary forms and movements. As a modernist he portrays about the standard of love, money minded people and self centered people. The research is entirely based on T. S. Eliot’s poetry and generalizing its work entirely which required depth study of his work and citation of the critic who entitled T. S. Eliot as a “modernist-poet”. This study is retro-spective which requires depth study in order to relate by the previous work done on generalizing T. S. Eliot as a modernist poet

Compatibility and synergistic interactions of fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae, and insecticide combinations against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Aphids are major pests affecting cereals, vegetables, fruit, forestry and horticultural produce. A multimodal approach may be an effective route to controlling this prolific pest. We assessed the individual and combined effect of eight insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschin.) against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), under laboratory conditions. Six of the insecticides tested were found to be highly compatible (flonicamid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and spirotetramat), showing positive integration with the fungus and were selected for bioassays. The combination mixtures (1:1 ratio of M. anisopliae: insecticide) were significantly more toxic to A. gossypii than individual treatments. Maximum mortality (91.68%) of A. gossypii was recorded with combination of flonicamid and M. anisopliae (2.4 × 106 cfu/ml) 72 h after application. While minimum mortality (17.08%) was observed with the individual treatment of M. anisopliae (2.4 × 106 cfu/ml). The insecticides revealed toxicity consistent with their compatibility with M. anisopliae, ranking for efficacy exactly as they did for compatibility. In addition, the synergy factor (SF) and co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) values indicated synergistic interactions at different time intervals. The synergistic efficacy revealed the potential of fungus-insecticide integration against sucking insect pests

Preference of Cotton Jassid, Amrasca Devastans, Towards Different Okra Cultivars Having Variable Physio-morphic Characteristics

Five cultivars of Okra viz., Sabz Pari, Shakti Hybrid, NS-810, OK Advanta-803 and NS-801 were tested for resistance against Amrasca devastans (Dist.) at the farm area of Vegetable Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad in 2018-19. Observations regarding the population of A. devastans were recorded from 20 leaves per treatment at random (upper, lower, middle leaves), Physio-morphic characters viz., plant height, number of branches, area of leaf lamina, hair density on midrib, chlorophyll contents and moisture percentage were also evaluated for the tested varieties. Among the tested varieties, OK Advanta-803 was most resistant to the jassid (13.36/leaf), whereas NS-810 was most susceptible to the A. devastans (23.93/leaf). A. devastans population showed a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.8573*) with area of leaf lamina and moisture percentage (r = +0.7192*). As leaf area of NS-810 (184.34 cm2) was larger; therefore, this variety showed maximum susceptibility to A. devastans while OK Advanta-803 showed minimum A. devastans population per leaf due to its smaller leaf area (91.04 cm2) compared to other varieties. Similarly, A. devastans population was maximum in NS-810 due to its higher moisture contents (66.07%), while it was minimum in OK Advanta-803 due to lesser moisture contents (52.17 %) in this variety. However, all other physio-morphic characters viz., plant height, number of branches, hair density on midrib, and chlorophyll contents showed a non-significant correlation with A. devastans population.</p