Evaluation technique et economique des formules alimentaires de blocs multi nutritionnels d’embouche ovine au Niger

L’essai conduit en 75 j à la station de recherche de Kollo visait l’évaluation des performances de croissance des béliers nourris avec 5 formules alimentaires à base des ressources locales associées au tourteau de coton et son de blé. Le matériel biologique était constitué de 50 béliers de race Ara-Ara, âgés de 18 à 24 mois et de poids moyen de 25,00 ±3,02 kg. Les rations ont été distribuées en 2 repas/jour et les refus ont été collectés chaque jour. La pesée des béliers a été faite par quinzaine en 2 jours successifs. Les prix des différents ingrédients ont été suivis sur les marchés de Kollo et Niamey durant l’essai. Les GMQ obtenus étaient de 95g/j pour la formule 1 ; 79 g/j pour la formule 2 ; 59 g/j pour la formule 3 ; 118 g/j pour la formule 4 et 75g/j pour la formule 5. Les meilleures performances ont été réalisées par les béliers ayant reçu les formules 1 et 4, avec des marges nettes/ bélier de 4623 FCFA pour la formule 1 et 4763 FCFA pour la formule 4. Les formules 4, 1 et 2, ayant été les plus rentables, sont recommandées aux emboucheurs et fabricants d’aliments pour le bétail.Mots clés: Blocs multi-nutritionnels, embouche, ovins, performancesEnglish Title: Technical and economical evaluation of feeds blocks in sheep fattening in NigerEnglish AbstractA ram’s feeding trial was conducted at Kollo Regional Center for Agricultural Research, with the objective to evaluate growth performance of Ara-Ara breed rams fed 5 feed formulas based on local feedstuffs associated with cottonseed meal and wheat bran. They were 50 Ara Ara breed rams old from18 to 24 months with an average weight of 25 ± 3.02 kg. Rams were allotted into 5 treatments (feed formulas, FF1 to FF5) with ten animals/treatment. Rams were dewormed, vaccinated and kept in individual pens for 75 days. Animals were fed 2 times/day and refusals collected daily. Sheep were weighted two-weekly during 2 successive days. Ingredient prices and labor cost were collected at Kollo and Niamey during the test period, for the economic evaluation. ADG was 95 for FF1, 79 for FF2, 59 for FF3, 118 for FF4 and 75g/day for FF5. Best ADG and feed conversion were achieved by rams fed FF4 and FF1. Results showed that best net margins/ram were 4,763 FCFA for formula 4 and 4,459 FCFA for formula 1. The best rate for financial and economic profitability was for formulas 4, 1 and 2 which. Consequently, farmers and feed processors can use formulas 4, 1 and 2.Keywords: Fattening, sheep, multi-nutritional blocks, performanc

Zootechnical and economic analysis of pig farming systems in Casamance (Senegal)

To understand better the zootechnical and economic characteristics of pig farming, a diagnostic study was conducted on 324 pig farms from March to June 2016, in the form of cross-sectional and retrospective surveys in the three regions of Southern Casamance, Senegal. The results showed that pig farming was practiced by both married and educated men and women. They were mainly of the Diola, Mancagne and Balante ethnic groups and combined pig breeding with agriculture, private activity or trade. They operated in three different farming systems (traditional, semi-intensive or intensive), with a marked predominance of the traditional system (85.5% of farms). The latter was characterized by improved traditional hog barns (51.1%) or makeshift sheds (28.4%), where mostly local swine (90.4% of farms) were bred. The average size of the herd was 19.2 ± 20.1 pigs. In 97% of cases, breeders fed the animals from kitchen waste, and agricultural and agro-industrial by-products. The mean age at breeding was 7.6 ± 1.8 months and the mean litter size was 7.4 ± 2.2 piglets. This livestock subsector has a real poverty alleviation potential because it generates net incomes of 5435 to 7566 FCFA per fattened pig per year, depending on the system. Nevertheless, the lack of training of livestock farmers, inadequate pig housing, and feed and health constraints remain the main factors hindering the development of pig farming in the region. It would be useful to find alternative ways to improve housing conditions, feeding and health monitoring of pigs, along with better organization and capacity building of producers and other actors in the pig sector

Effet de differentes doses de PMSG sur la dynamique folliculaire et la fertilite chez les vaches ndama synchronisees

L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’effet de différentes doses de PSMG (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin, Sansheng Pharmaceutical China) sur la dynamique folliculaire et la fertilité chez les vaches Ndama synchronisées au Sénégal. L’étude a été réalisée de juin 2012 à janvier 2013 dans la ferme expérimentale de l’EISMV localisée à Keur Ndiaye Lo, à 30 km de Dakar, Sénégal. 32 vaches Ndama ont été synchronisées à l’aide de la spirale PRIDND et ont été scindées en 3 groupes équilibrés pour le poids vif et la note d’état corporel. 48 h avant le retrait de la spirale PRIDND, chaque groupe à reçu en injection 300 UI (lot 300 UI PMSG), 400 UI (Lot 400 UI PMSG) et 500 UI (lot 500 UI PMSG) de PMSG et 5 ml de PGF2α. Les vaches ont été inséminées 56 h après le retrait des spirales. Les examens échographiques ont été réalisés à l’aide d’un échographe (Digital Medical Ultrasound Machine Dp-2200 vet, 7,5 MHZ) et ont permis de suivre la dynamique folliculaire à 0, 32 et 48 h après le retrait des spirales. L’épaisseur du gras dorsal a été mesurée au retrait de la spirale et le diagnostic de gestation a été réalisé 3 mois après l’insémination artificielle à l’aide du même instrument. La détection des chaleurs a commencé le lendemain du retrait des spirales et a été réalisée deux fois par jour. La majorité des vaches (90,63%) des vaches ont exprimé les chaleurs alors que l’acceptation du chevauchement n’a été observée que chez 19,35% des vaches. 48 h après le retrait des spirales, la taille moyenne des follicules dominants était de 11,59±2,53 mm et n’était pas significativement (p=0,13) affectée par la dose de PMSG. Le nombre de follicules était plus élevé dans le lot 500 UI PMSG (1,50 ± 0.98) que dans le lot 400 UI PMSG (1,30 ± 0,68) et dans le lot 300 UI PMSG (1,00 ± 0,45) (p=0.29). Le taux de femelles ayant présenté au moins deux follicules dominants était dose dépendant et était respectivement de 9,09%, de 20% et de 27,27% dans les lots 300 UI, 400 UI et 500 UI PMSG (χ²=0,479). La fertilité globale était de 60% mais a significativement (p=0,047) augmenté de 30% dans le lot 300 UI PMSG à 66,67% dans le lot 400 UI PMSG et à 81,82% dans le lot 500 UI PMSG. Dans les protocoles de synchronisation de chaleurs chez la Ndama, la dose de 400 UI PMSG pourrait être un bon compromis entre la fertilité, la prolificité voire la viabilité des veaux.Mots clés: Vache Ndama, Dose de PMSG, expression de chaleurs, dynamique folliculaire, échographie, fertilité, synchronisation des chaleurs, insémination artificielle, Sénégal

Goat breeding in West Africa: A review

West Africa, with 37.2% of the total goat herd on this conti­nent, is one of the main breeding basins of this species whose socio-economic role is particularly important. Goats are reared in various agroecological and production systems, but they are mainly present in the most arid areas where they play a key role in subsistence and in agrarian systems. The produc­tion systems are primarily traditional (pastoral, agropastoral and sedentary) and secondarily periurban. The productivity of goat farms is low. Age at first kidding is on average 15.3 months for a kidding interval of 295.8 days and a prolificacy of 1.46. The latter is however higher in the dwarf goat where it can reach 1.85. Preweaning mortality is very high and repre­sents the main constraint for goat production in West Africa. It is caused by lung diseases, mainly peste des petits ruminants, and by gastrointestinal parasites. The growth rate is also low with an average body weight at 12 months of age not exceed­ing 20 kg, except in rare genetic types. To improve goat breed­ing productivity, it is suggested: i) to reduce the preweaning mortality rate by focusing in particular on the control of gas­trointestinal parasites, ii) to set up a strategic supplementation based on the optimum ruminal use of fibrous feed, and iii) to develop genetic improvement programs involving community management in an enhanced social and professional context

Improvement of chick survival and zootechnical performance of the local hen in a village environment in Senegal

A one-year longitudinal survey was carried out in 45 poultry farms in Salemata Department (Senegal) to assess two management methods of the mother-chick couple, with the aim to improve the productivity of family poultry farming. At hatching, the hens belonging to treatment A (HTA) were partially reared in confinement (they were removed from the brooder pen after two weeks, whereas the chicks were kept there for up to four weeks of age). In contrast, hens in treatment B (HTB) were kept free range. The results showed that the zootechnical performance of HTAs had improved. The duration of the reproductive cycle was reduced from 113.5 to 62.2 days. As a result, the number of breeding cycles increased from 3.4 to 5.6 per year and the annual egg production from 35.3 to 57.6. The rapid return of HTAs to egg laying did not affect the number of eggs laid per brood (10.3 compared to 10.2) and the hatching rate (82.4% compared to 79.5%). The weight growth of chicks from both hen types has been influenced by the breeding type, genotype and sex. The weight of crossbred chicks was higher than that of the local chick except at hatching. After the first month, the weight of male chicks (crossbred or local) was still higher than that of female chicks. The average daily weight gain of HTA chicks has always been higher than that of HTB chicks and has been highest between the 13th and 24th week of age. Chick survival was improved by 41.2%, and the most frequent causes of mortality were predators (raptors, cats). This study showed that the farming type where hens and their chicks are semiconfined optimized poultry productivity

Indigenous chickens breeding in Senegal and in sub-Saharan Africa: current status and constraints.

peer reviewedThis review focuses on the place and the roles (socio-economic, cultural, religious, nutritional, family farming) of indigenous or village chickens in poverty alleviation and food security for people in African rural areas. It describes the characteristics of the different breeding systems (extensive and improved) and the chicken feeding practices observed in this livestock sector. After having reviewed the existing phenotypic varieties in the African indigenous chickens population, and the reproductive traits and growth performance of these birds in Senegal and others countries of Africa, the overview discuss and highlights the majors constraints (housing, high mortality, avian diseases, predators, shortage and irregularity of feed supply, microcredit…) that still hinder the traditional poultry development in Senegal and in sub-Saharan Africa