Distribution of urinary nitrate excretion (µg/L) for the total study population.

<p>Distribution of urinary nitrate excretion (µg/L) for the total study population.</p

Urinary thiocyanate levels increase with increasing exposure to cyanide from tobacco smoke.

<p>(CPD: cigarettes per day).</p

Median urinary levels (µg/L) and doses (µg/kg/day) iodine, perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate in Isparta, Istanbul and Kayseri.

<p>*Isparta lower than Kayseri, p<0.05.</p

Participant characteristics.

<p>BMI cutpoints (kg/m²): Underweight (<18.5); Normal (18.5–24.9); Overweight (25–30); Obese (>30). Smoker: total number of current smokers (light and heavy).</p

Scatter plot matrix showing correlations of urinary excretion of iodine and iodide uptake inhibitors (perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate).

<p>Scatter plot matrix showing correlations of urinary excretion of iodine and iodide uptake inhibitors (perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate).</p

Distribution of urinary thiocyanate excretion (µg/L) for the total study population.

<p>Distribution of urinary thiocyanate excretion (µg/L) for the total study population.</p

Microscopic score damage of kidney tissue at different time.

Data are given as mean±SEM.</p

The PTBL and GBM thickness measurement from 72 ^th hour of the kidney samples within preservation solutions.

a: Significantly different from UW group (p<0.05).</p

The composition of modified UW solution used in experimental studies.

The composition of modified UW solution used in experimental studies.</p

Electronmicrographs of kidney tissue in all experimental solution groups.

Kidney tissue damage was ultrastructurally characterized by effacement of pedicels in podocytes, thickening of glomerular basal laminae in UW (A) group. Degenerated podocytes and disturbed glomerular basal membranes were observed in UW-g solution group (B). Mildly degenerated podocytes were reflecting low degree of glomerular injury in UW-m group (C). Minimal proximal tubular degenerations were also noticed in this group. Mild degree of podocytes degeneration and moderately thickened glomerular basal laminae in mUW (D) and mUW-g (E) groups. Mild podocytes degeneration and thickening of glomerular basal laminae in mUW-m (F) group. (original magnifications; UW group; x20.000, UW-g group; x20,000, UW-m group; x5000, mUW; x7,500, mUW-g; x7,500, mUW-m; x12,000).</p