Employment patterns during the recovery: Who are getting the jobs and why?

Employment gains during the recovery have differed sharply depending on workers' level of education, age, and gender. Workers with high levels of education, workers age 55 and older, and men have experienced the strongest employment gains in the recovery. ; Sahin and Willis analyze these employment patterns and find that the patterns appear to reflect two key factors: long-term trends and cyclical fluctuations. The strong employment growth for highly educated and older workers is a continuation of longer term shifts toward a more highly educated workforce and the aging of the baby boom generation. The employment gains for men are associated with men having a stronger cyclical attachment to the labor force when labor market conditions are weak. ; Employment and population patterns suggest that weak demand rather than a mismatch of workers and jobs is the primary explanation for the sluggish recovery. While highly educated workers have experienced the largest job gains, the demand for these workers has not kept pace with the growing population of highly educated workers. Regarding the skewed gains for men, evidence suggests that men are more likely to accept less desirable employment opportunities in periods of weak labor demand, signified by high unemployment and falling wages.

Balanced options for access and benefit-sharing : stakeholder insights on provider country legislation

The over-arching aim of the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) of genetic resources is to enable fair distribution of benefits between the users (such as universities and biotech companies) and providers (such as biodiversity rich countries) so as to both open the doors for innovation and create incentives for biodiversity conservation. Access to genetic resources is crucial for research related to conservation of plant genetic resources as well as R&D for agricultural products and evolved crops that can attain to the new weather conditions climate change brings. Therefore, access to genetic resources in general as well as benefit-sharing from that access is a key element for sustainable development in order to secure research as well as environmental sustainability and resource availability. ABS is currently a rapidly developing and evolving field that is shaped by each and every implementation of the Parties. This means that the national implementation of the Parties determine how ABS goals are realised and how ABS principles find form within regulatory mechanisms. These principles are found in international legal documents such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as well as Nagoya Protocol. Additionally, decisions and guidelines drafted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity shape these principles that are then to be fulfilled by the Parties when drafting their ABS laws by means of implementing regulatory mechanisms that comply with the international law. This article reviews 20 provider country’s ABS frameworks as well as one regional law with the aim of identifying the common regulatory mechanisms that find place in these legal texts. This descriptive approach is then followed by an empirical comparative analysis through semi-structured stakeholder interviews in order to identify the most beneficial regulatory mechanisms according to ABS experts that belong in four different stakeholder groups (provider countries, academic users, industrial users and collections

The labor market in the Great Recession

This paper documents the adjustment of the labor market during the recession, and places it in the broader context of previous postwar downturns. What emerges is a picture of labor market dynamics with three key recurring themes: 1. From the perspective of a wide range of labor market outcomes, the 2007 recession represents the deepest downturn in the labor market in the postwar era. 2. Until recently, the nature of labor market adjustment in the current recession has displayed a notable resemblance to that observed in past severe downturns. 3. During the latter half of 2009, however, the path of adjustment has exhibited important departures from that seen in prior deep recessions.Labor market ; Unemployment ; Recessions

A Cooperative Model for Effective Management and Allocation of the Water Resources in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin [abstract]

2 pages

“There is no lake here, the lake is down there!” An inquiry on the transformation of environment and culture in Burdur Region.

Burdur Lake, which is located in southwest of Turkey in Lake Region, and has been drying rapidly in the last 30 years. Disappearance of the water from the lake brings dramatic changes to the region on both socio-economic and cultural levels. This paper explores the processes that brought Burdur Lake and its locals to the point where the lake is today. Transformations in cultural habits and everyday life will be examined in parallel to state regulations, acts and their results

Uncovering metabolic profiles in Acute Myeloid Leukemia:from metabolic drivers to metabolic adaptations

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a malignancy that occurs through accumulation and evolution of multiple genetic abnormalities resulting in malfunctioning hematopoietic stem cells. Our understanding of the molecular biology of cells that initiate and maintain leukemia and their crosstalk in the bone marrow microenvironment has enormously increased over the last two decades. Yet, due to the genetic and metabolic heterogeneity of leukemic stem cell populations among and even within AML patients, current therapy approaches often fail to cure this disease. Residual post-therapy leukemic stem cells have been shown to give rise to relapse of disease, and more insight needs to be obtained on the phenotype and biology of these cells. Altered metabolism is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, and metabolic programs have been shown to control leukemic cell functions and impact on their chemosensitivity. For this reason, it is crucial to identify leukemic stem cell-specific abnormalities at the metabolome level in order to develop more effective treatment strategies for AML patients. In this thesis, we aimed to study major vulnerable molecular aberrancies in the metabolism of primary AML patients using quantitative proteomics, transcriptomic and functional metabolomics assays by comparing primary AML patient blasts to healthy stem and progenitors. During our studies, we identified several profound metabolic differences between specific AML subtypes carrying distinct genetic alterations. This allowed us to develop and monitor selective treatments in different AML subtypes using metabolic inhibitors against the distinct metabolic signatures, which was also evaluated in vivo in leukemic xenograft mouse models

The unemployment gender gap during the 2007 recession

Women fared decidedly better than men during the most recent recession. By August 2009, the unemployment rate for men had hit 11.0 percent, while that for women held at 8.3 percent. This 2.7 percentage point unemployment gender gap--the largest in the postwar era--appears to reflect two factors: first, men were much more heavily represented in the industries that suffered the most during the downturn. Second, there was a much sharper increase in the percentage of men who--prompted, perhaps, by a decline in household liquidity--rejoined the labor force but failed to find a job.Labor market ; Women - Employment ; Employment ; Recessions ; Unemployment

Unemployment dynamics in the OECD

We provide a set of comparable estimates for the rates of inflow to and outflow from unemployment for 14 OECD economies using publicly available data. We then devise a method to decompose changes in unemployment into contributions accounted for by changes in inflow and outflow rates for cases where unemployment deviates from its flow steady state, as it does in many countries. Our decomposition reveals that fluctuations in both inflow and outflow rates contribute substantially to unemployment variation within countries. For Anglo-Saxon economies we find approximately a 20:80 inflow/outflow split to unemployment variation, while for Continental European and Nordic countries, we observe much closer to a 50:50 split. Using the estimated flow rates we compute gross worker flows into and out of unemployment. In all economies we observe that increases in inflows lead increases in unemployment, whereas outflows lag a ramp up in unemployment.Unemployment

A Cooperative Model for Effective Management and Allocation of the Water Resources in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin [abstract]

2 pages