Violence against Women a Case Study in Uznova- Albania

This paper describes the violence against women in a zone named “Uznove” in Albania, Berat. Such a study has always been needed to the Albanian society because, as they say, a world which is not it for women is not it for children either. For this study a simple survey was made and asked to 50% of the population. The sampling was randomly made and the survey happened in the end of 2014. All the 50 participants vulnerably decided to take the survey and was made sure that the illing of it was made under no pressure. By the conducted research we notice that violence against women can still be considered on a dangerous level. By the research we see that the role of woman in Albanian society after the communism period did not have any big change from the role they had during the communism period. All these disparities need to be solved and as a solution education seems to be a good start as it provides the right path towards solving these disparities and diminishing violence against women. Also, another point and the main one is religion. It provides a pure example how to respect even the ones who are naturally weaker than man. The age of women range from 35-50 years old

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Is ADHD an inflammation-related disorder?

Objective: The current study investigated whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with increased inflammatory response by assessing neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratios (PLR) which are new biomarkers of systemic inflammation in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls. Methods: In this study, 65 children in the ages of 6-11 years who were diagnosed with newly ADHD according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were included in the case group, whereas 65 healthy children without any psychiatric or physical disorder in the similar age and gender were included as the control group. The study group included 130 children with normal mental capacity, without known acute or chronic medical and/or inflammatory disease, and no concurrent drug use. Complete blood count analyses were made in the morning after 12 hour fasting, NLR and PLR were calculated using the absolute cell counts. Results: There was statistically significant difference in NLR, PLR and other complete blood count parameters between ADHD and healthy control groups. Higher MPV values detected in the case group were normalized after adjusting for comorbidity and body mass index values. Conclusion: Similar NLO and TLO values in the ADHD and healthy control groups do not support the hypothesis of increased inflammatory response involvement in the etiology of the disease. However, considering the heterogeneity about ADHD's clinical presentation and etiopathogenesis, it is clear that wide systematic follow up studies are needed in this area

The prevalance of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the frequency of medication use among preschool children in a district children hospital

Objective: This study analyzed the prevelance of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and frequency of medication use among preschool children in a district children hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2016

Does increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predict autism spectrum disorder?

Objective: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most studied neurodevelopmental disorders, its etiology has not been fully elucidated. A growing body of evidence suggest the role of neuroinflammation in the etiology of ASD. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are markers of systemic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate NLR and PLR in children with ASD comparison to healthy controls. Methods: We reviewed the medical files of children with ASD in the ages of 2 to 5. The ASD group were consisted of drug-naive 64 children who had complete blood count within a month of assessment. Age and sex matched 64 healthy children without any psychiatric disorders were recruited from the healthy child outpatient unit of the hospital. Results: NLRs were significantly higher in ASD. Children with ASD had significantly higher neutrophil counts but lower platelet and lymphocyte counts compared to those of healthy controls. NLR was found to be a predictor of ASD. Conclusions: Increased NLRs support the hypothesis of the involvement of neuroinflammation in the underlying physiopathology of ASD. Even though recent evidence is not enough to suggest that in young children increased NLR levels may be used as screening and early intervention predictor, it should be kept in mind and may inspire new studies. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample size and homogeneous groups regarding the age and subtypes may clarify the inflammatory involvement in ASD

Preschool bipolar disorder: three cases and their follow-up

Objective: Three preschool mania cases were presented discussing clinical phenomenology and treatment with relevant literature

Diagnosing an 11-Year-Old Girl with Narcolepsy in a Child Psychiatry Unit: A Case Presentation

Narcolepsy is a chronic disorder that might cause severe morbidity and functional deterioration with a wide range of complicated symptoms and without any clearly identified etiology. The condition is even more difficult to diagnose in children as clinical picture and clusters of symptoms that vary extremely. With this report, we aimed to present, and discuss an 11-year-old case diagnosed with narcolepsy in a child psychiatry unit along with relevant literature. Psychiatric assessment of the case that applied to our child psychiatry unit was carried out by using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. Detailed clinical examination, neurological tests and imaging modalities as well as polysomnography were performed. The case was diagnosed,and followed up as having narcolepsy after completion of processes of evaluation, and differential diagnosis. She demonstrated clinical improvement with a combined treatment regimen of methylphenydate-OROS and behavioral therapy for sleep pattern and hygiene. She is still being followed up in our unit. Since narcolepsy is a rarely seen condition encountered in child psychiatry settings and symptoms might mimic other neurological and psychiatric conditions, its earlier recognition is a remote possibility. Therefore, we believe that we, as child psychiatrists, need to bear this disorder in our minds for differential diagnosis. Since current treatment options mainly target visible symptoms, developing novel treatment strategies directed towards underlying etiology will carry importance. In that sense, we believe that increasing the number of case studies and clinical researches in this understudied field of child psychiatry shall contribute greatly to more improved understanding of the disorder