Flood mitigation considering the perception of stakeholders: case study at Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Flood is natural phenomena. For certain rural area, there is a local wisdom that people hadadjusted their live with the flood. On the other side, especially at dense urban area, most of people consider flood as a disaster. Therefore Flood Mitigation Program (FMP) had been conducted to anticipate flood, such as hydraulic structure and flood policy implementation. However in general, FMP was designed without take into account the stake holder perceptions about flood. It caused ineffective and unsustain program due to minimum support from several important stake holder. Since huge samples and interviews are necessary to understand the main perception of the stake holder, Q Method was introduced into this research to understand the stake holder perceptions. And then as well as FMP, flood adaptation will be developed. The advantages of QMethod are subjectivityidentification and small samples. Q Method starts with collecting the flood opinion among the stake holder, and thenarrangesthe statement according to its frequency. The questioners were designed based on frequent statements to quantity the opinion according to relevancy and importance among the statement to the flood. The questioners were distributed again to the stake holder, and then statistical analysis was conducted based on respondents, not based on statements as normal questioner analysis. Samarinda City has long story about FMP. Since flood still occurs, Samarinda City was selected as good case study for these flood new countermeasures. A better effective and sustainable flood programs are expected as outcome of this research

Agriculture drainage affects river water quality

The acidic level of the freshwater is a major concern to water treatment plant operators. Extremely acidic freshwater could affect the operation of the treatment plant in many ways. The cost to neutralisation the water would increase and treatment scheduling would be more complicated. This paper reports the influence of agricultural drainage on river water quality in Bekok river system in Johor, Malaysia. The river is the sole source of freshwater supply to two water treatment plants located at the downstream reach of the river. Three water quality parameters, i.e. pH, Iron and Ammonia-N, were used as an indication parameter. Water samples collected from 16 different river reaches along the 20-km river were analysed. A significant decrease in pH was found near the water intake point, where most of the drained areas are located. The study also found that in general, the quality of the river water was better during low flow condition (non-rainy days) compared to high flow (rainy days). Multiple regression analysis showed that pH was significantly related to Iron and Ammonia contents

Steady state open drainage system for minimizing fire hazard on peat areas

The principle of steady state drainage theory was employed to estimate an appropriate open drainage system on peatJand. It is aimed at minimizing the occurrence of fire hazard that frequently happened on peat areas especially during the dry spell. Computation analysis shows that a certain open drainage design is required in order to keep the water table high, so that a fire could be . minimized. Besides drain spacing. other physical parameters associated to peat soil are also required to materialized the theory. Depending on the size of the drains. the hydrogeological propertie s of the peat materials and the design drainage rate, a drain spacing between 51 to 525m would be required to accommodate the fire control on peat

Water Table Management For Upland Crops: A Theoretical Modelling Investigation

This study discusses some aspects of water table management for upland crops in the abandoned rice fields of shallow field water tables. As upland crops are gaining importance to rice farmers as part of the crop diversification programme, a technical support on how to manage the water resources optimally for plant growth would be extremely valuable. A theoretical investigation based on soil-water balance model in the root zone and water table draw-down is presented. The result is used to formulate the necessary water table control suitable for upland crops. A practical application is demonstrated by the translation of the concluding formula into a local data

Moisture retension curve of tropical sapric and hemic peat

This paper presents the preliminary result from a laboratory study to establish the moisture retention curve of undisturbed tropical peat samples classified as Sapric and Hemic. The results obtained were compared with those of the temperate peat. Under the same suction head, tropical peat seems to hold more water. The soil moisture at permanent wilting point (-15000 cm or -150 kPa) was still relatively high at 50-60 % volumetric indicating that the soil was still visually wet, but may not be available for plant use. The possible implication could be, water table in the field should be maintained optimally high to facilitate irrigation water supply from capillary rise

Water Use Trend At Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Application Of Arima Model

The Paper Describes The Application Of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model To Represent Water Use Behaviour At Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Campus. Using Autocorrelation Function (ACF), Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF), And Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), Monthly Campus Water Use Series Can Be Best Presented Using ARIMA (2,0,0) Model. The Estimated Parameter Of The Model ö1 And ö2 Are 0.2747 And 0.4194 Respectively. This Implies That Water Consumption In UTM Campus At The Present Month Is Not Necessarily Influenced By Water Consumption Of Immediate Previous Month. Analysis Shows That ARIMA (2,0,0) Model Provides A Reasonable Forecasting Tool For Campus Water Use

Non-darcian transmission of water properties in malaysian peat soil

Existing literature suggests that Darcy's law is not valid in layers of different degrees of decomposed peat soil. The present study attempts to validate the applicability of Darcy's law by comparing the velocity predicted by it and the velocity obtained through experiment for a peat soil column and also to assess the changes of hydraulic conductivity, k, with the depth of peat soil layers. The suitability of Izbash's law to predict the flow through peat soil column of different degrees of decomposition was tested by determining the n value (Izbash's parameter). Izbash's law (n = kin) is preferred because it is in continuity with Darcy's law. Soil column studies were set up by applying different values in hydraulic gradient in order to obtain discharge velocity, n , of the sample. From the experimental data, the suitable Izbash's parameter, n, for each depth of peat soil profile was determined. The result shows that Darcy's law is only appropriate for the upper layer and as the layers become deeper, deviation from Darcy's law becomes larger. Izbash's law provides a much better approximation of water flow through much deeper peat layers

Changes in diurnal temperature range in Bangladesh during the time period 1961-2008

Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is a meteorological indicator independent of internal climate variation and therefore, considered as a signature of observed climate change. It has been observed that global averaged DTR has decreased significantly in the last fifty years. However, the change in DTR has regional and seasonal characteristics. A study has been carried out in this paper to analyze the spatial and seasonal patterns in the trends of DTR in Bangladesh. Daily temperature data from 18 stations for the time period 1961-2008 has been used for the study. The result shows that both mean minimum and mean maximum temperatures of Bangladesh have increased significantly at a rate of 0.15. °C/decade and 0.11. °C/decade, respectively. However, the increase of minimum temperature compared to maximum temperature is not high enough to cause a significant change in average diurnal temperature range in Bangladesh. Seasonal DTR trends show a decrease in winter and pre-monsoon DTR, and an increase in monsoon DTR. Spatial distribution of DTR trends shows an increase of annual DTR in the southeastern coastal stations and decrease in the northern stations of Bangladesh. Significant negative relation between rainfall and DTR is observed in Bangladesh. Regression analysis shows that an annual increase of 1% of rainfall is correlated with a decrease of DTR by 0.1. °C

Hydrological Analysis Of A Drained Peat Basin Using Time Series Correlation And Crosscorrelation Functions

A simple algebraic correlation and cross-spectral approach was applied to study the stream flow hydrograph of peat basin. The analysis involved the transformations of input variables (rainfall) and output variables (stream flow and water table). Analogous to the input-output signal in electronics, the peat aquifer is considered as a filtering system. The filter is able to transform, retain or eliminate the input variables (input signal) before the output variables (output signal) are created. The behaviour of flow through basin aquifer system is deduced from the degree of the transformation of the input signal. Several important aquifer parameters were deduced from the transformation process. They are the response time, the distinction between flows (quick-flows, intermediate flow or base-flow) and the delay. These hydrological parameters are required as design parameters for a water resource project within a basin-underlain peat soil aquifer

Hydrologic characteristics of a drained tropical peat catchment : runoff coefficients, water table and flow duration curves

Reclamation and drainage of peat basin is an important land development in Malaysia. A clear understanding on the hydrologic behavior of a drained peat basin is the essential factor towards an optimal management of the resource. Hydrological data from Madirono peat catchment located in Johor State, Malaysia was collected and used to characterise its hydrologic characteristics. The characterizations were made using the ordinary quantitative hydrologic approach. The magnitude of changes in the major hydrologic component of the study catchment was quantified. The study catchment experienced a large variation in runoff coefficient, indicating that a drained peat basin is a highly dynamic hydrologic system. A decaying trend in the annual runoff coefficient was observed. The annual runoff coefficients were large, ranging from 0.32 to 0.92. This indicates that the hydrology of the study catchment was extremely dynamics, highly permeable and very flashy. The low flow condition of the basin was extremely small but improving over time indicating that the basin could not sustain river flow during dry spell. The mean annual water table decreased over time by 2.7 cm per year