Treatment of shallow groundwater quality for non-potable use: A case study in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor

Groundwater becomes an alternative water resource to meet up the demand of clean water in our country. Unfortunately, several contam-inants could present in groundwater make it unsafe for domestic used and drinking water purpose. Therefore, groundwater should be treated to acceptable level before it can be consumed for further use. The aim of this study was to improve the groundwater quality in terms of physical parameters and bring it within the acceptable level using simple and economical aeration and filtration methods. Gravel, ceramic and charcoal were used as filter materials. The removal efficiency was determined from the calculated percentage removal of the tested parameters. Based on the results, groundwater showed improvement in its physical quality with percentage removal of turbidity, BOD and COD at 92%, 73% and 79%, respectively. Parameter pH also showed good improvement from slightly acidic to neutral range. However, TDS gave different results. With the exception of TDS, all parameters comply with the Malaysia’s standard of raw and drink-ing water quality set by Ministry of Health

Development of dual water supply using rainwater harvesting and groundwater systems

Demand on water resources has been rapidly increasing and the issue of supplying adequate water to meet societal needs is one of the most significant challenges faced by the provider. Therefore, there is a need to utilise the limited amount of water resources available in a more efficient way. The overall aim of this study was to gain a better understanding on dual water supply system consisting of rainwater and groundwater. The pilot study of the designed system was carried out at the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor. The data collection was conducted between December 2016 and May 2017 which covers both wet and dry seasons in the study area. For rainwater harvesting (RWH) system, five (5) components namely roof catchment, gutters, down pipe, first flush diverter, and storage tank were successfully designed. Meanwhile, groundwater was pumped from an existing tubewell. Both harvested rainwater and groundwater were then stored in a distribution tank. The first part of the analysis was carried out to assess the RWH efficiency. The monthly results on total volume of collected rainfall in storage tank was 48.97 m3 while the actual rainfall calculated was 56.04 m3 with 75% of collection efficiency. A rainfall–storage rating curve was then plotted using 150 rain events data versus the volume of harvested rainwater collected within the study period. The second part of the analysis was to determine the groundwater transmissivity (T), hydraulic conductivity (K) and the water well yield by conducting a step drawdown and constant pumping tests. Electrical resistivity method (ERM) was first conducted to determine the depth of the existing tubewell. The results showed that the depth of the well was 20 m. Transmissivity (T) and hydraulic conductivity (K) values were 1.45 m2/d and 0.0725 m/hr, respectively. Meanwhile for daily discharge rate, the well was capable to supply water approximately 1.69 m3. In the current study, the daily water demand was 0.59 m3, which gave the total volume per month approximately from 16.5 m3 to 18.3 m3. Based on the performance of the system, most of the days rainwater could not meet the water demand, thus have to be supported by the groundwater. Rainwater Harvesting and Groundwater system (RHaGs) calculator was then developed from the generated rainfall–storage rating curve equation. By using the calculator, users can estimate the total volume of rainwater that can be collected and the amount of groundwater needed to cater the water demand. Overall, it can be concluded that dual water supply using rainwater and groundwater systems will contribute to a sustainability and environmental friendly method for restoring and conserving the natural water sources

Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) and Groundwater Potential as Alternatives Water Resources in Malaysia: A Review

Socio-economic growth at present exerting pressure on the capacity of water supply. Water has been harvested worldwide since antiquity, thus, it is essential to manage the potential available of natural water supplies in the catchment to save water for dry periods when the supply-demand gap is comparatively high. The overall aim of this paper is to present a general overview of rainwater harvesting system and groundwater, and their potential applications for daily use. Many countries have implement the rainwater harvesting system as a sustainable approach for supplementing their public water supply. In Malaysia, the guidelines for rainwater harvesting implementations was first created in 1999 and developed by time to time to attract users. By using the system, the main findings reveals that it has overcome several of water problem issues. Groundwater is another alternative water supply that can be counted. Research has found that the availability of groundwater in few states in Malaysiawas in freshwater category based on its hardness level results. Thus, conclusions and recommendations are drawn where the gaps exist and more research needs to be focussed

Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) and Groundwater Potential as Alternatives Water Resources in Malaysia: A Review

Socio-economic growth at present exerting pressure on the capacity of water supply. Water has been harvested worldwide since antiquity, thus, it is essential to manage the potential available of natural water supplies in the catchment to save water for dry periods when the supply-demand gap is comparatively high. The overall aim of this paper is to present a general overview of rainwater harvesting system and groundwater, and their potential applications for daily use. Many countries have implement the rainwater harvesting system as a sustainable approach for supplementing their public water supply. In Malaysia, the guidelines for rainwater harvesting implementations was first created in 1999 and developed by time to time to attract users. By using the system, the main findings reveals that it has overcome several of water problem issues. Groundwater is another alternative water supply that can be counted. Research has found that the availability of groundwater in few states in Malaysiawas in freshwater category based on its hardness level results. Thus, conclusions and recommendations are drawn where the gaps exist and more research needs to be focussed

A Review on Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wood-Industrial Wastewater by Oil Palm Waste

The use of heavy metals in the manufacturing industry over the past few decades has eventually contributed to a rise in the flow of metallic compounds into wastewater and has raised significant ecological and health threats to living things. Adsorption is an excellent way to treat solid waste effluent, offering significant benefits such as affordability, profitability, ease of operation and efficiency. However, the price of commercial adsorbent namely activated carbon has soared due to its high demand. There is also a green improvement in this method by turning the commercial adsorbent into agricultural waste. In Malaysia, the oil palm waste is such suitable material that can be utilized for making activated carbon, since they are ample and easy to find. Additionally, part of them is agricultural waste that cannot be consumed (i.e. leaves and fronds). Hence, this study aimed to analyse the potential of activated carbon from agricultural waste, namely oil palm waste, in reducing the levels of heavy metals in industrial wastewater

A review on adsorption of heavy metals from wood-industrial wastewater by oil palm waste

The use of heavy metals in the manufacturing industry over the past few decades has eventually contributed to a rise in the flow of metallic compounds into wastewater and has raised significant ecological and health threats to living things. Adsorption is an excellent way to treat solid waste effluent, offering significant benefits such as affordability, profitability, ease of operation and efficiency. However, the price of commercial adsorbent namely activated carbon has soared due to its high demand. There is also a green improvement in this method by turning the commercial adsorbent into agricultural waste. In Malaysia, the oil palm waste is such suitable material that can be utilized for making activated carbon, since they are ample and easy to find. Additionally, part of them is agricultural waste that cannot be consumed (i.e. leaves and fronds). Hence, this study aimed to analyse the potential of activated carbon from agricultural waste, namely oil palm waste, in reducing the levels of heavy metals in industrial wastewater