Adsorption challenge in the PDMS-based microfluidic systems for drug screening application

Drug screening is one of the demand areas due to close and direct dependency on human health. On the other hand, recently microfluidic systems have been increasingly used for drug development and screening purposes. However, this system has some challenges such as adsorption issue which can effect pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) of the drugs. Thus, in this research, the issue was characterized and evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FTIR spectroscopy devices as a model drug of cisplatin. Despite of strong relationship between logP and adsorption, and the very low value of logP in the drug candidate, the results for both apical and basal planes of the microfluidic chip confirmed the adsorption. In the UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the basal plane show 5%, and 10% higher adsorption compared to apical and control polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic. Additionally, the FTIR patterns were a good coincide with UV-Vis results

Impact assessment of e-trainings in occupational safety and health: a literature review

Abstract Background Implementing workplace preventive interventions reduces occupational accidents and injuries, as well as the negative consequences of those accidents and injuries. Online occupational safety and health training is one of the most effective preventive interventions. This study aims to present current knowledge on e-training interventions, make recommendations on the flexibility, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of online training, and identify research gaps and obstacles. Method All studies that addressed occupational safety and health e-training interventions designed to address worker injuries, accidents, and diseases were chosen from PubMed and Scopus until 2021. Two independent reviewers conducted the screening process for titles, abstracts, and full texts, and disagreements on the inclusion or exclusion of an article were resolved by consensus and, if necessary, by a third reviewer. The included articles were analyzed and synthesized using the constant comparative analysis method. Result The search identified 7,497 articles and 7,325 unique records. Following the title, abstract, and full-text screening, 25 studies met the review criteria. Of the 25 studies, 23 were conducted in developed and two in developing countries. The interventions were carried out on either the mobile platform, the website platform, or both. The study designs and the number of outcomes of the interventions varied significantly (multi-outcomes vs. single-outcome). Obesity, hypertension, neck/shoulder pain, office ergonomics issues, sedentary behaviors, heart disease, physical inactivity, dairy farm injuries, nutrition, respiratory problems, and diabetes were all addressed in the articles. Conclusion According to the findings of this literature study, e-trainings can significantly improve occupational safety and health. E-training is adaptable, affordable, and can increase workers’ knowledge and abilities, resulting in fewer workplace injuries and accidents. Furthermore, e-training platforms can assist businesses in tracking employee development and ensuring that training needs are completed. Overall, this analysis reveals that e-training has enormous promise in the field of occupational safety and health for both businesses and employees

Trehalose: A promising new treatment for traumatic brain injury? A systematic review of animal evidence

Background: TBI is a major global health issue due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Persistent neurodegeneration following secondary brain injuries is a significant concern. Trehalose, a naturally occurring disaccharide, has shown potential therapeutic effects in preclinical TBI models. This study systematically reviews the preclinical and clinical data on trehalose as a potential TBI treatment. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of trehalose’s role in TBI treatment following PRISMA guidelines. Our search spanned from the inception of PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science until August 2023. Google Scholar was also manually searched. The quality of the studies was assessed using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies. Results: Out of sixty-six records reviewed, four animal studies were included. These studies indicated that trehalose enhanced motor and cognitive functions, reduced oxidative damage and inflammation, regulated metal dyshomeostasis, increased neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins, and improved autophagy and mitochondrial function in mouse/rat TBI models. However, a significant risk of bias was noted. Conclusion: Trehalose demonstrates potential as a TBI treatment. However, more rigorous, and comprehensive research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans