Epidemiological Aspects and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Subjects with Tonsillitis, Sudan

Background: Globally, Streptococcus pharyngitis is a major public health challenge. The current study investigates the prevalence of Streptococcal pyogenes among children under 17 years old in ENT Kosti Teaching Hospital and examines the susceptibility of isolated S. pyogenes strains to commonly used antibiotics.Methods: A total of 384 throat swabs were obtained from children under the age of 17 who attended the Kosti Teaching Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated by conventional microbiology procedures. Each S. pyogenes strain was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Most participants of this study were females 219 (57%) and aged between 5 and 10 years 259 (67.4%). Out of the 384 participants, 134 (34.9%) and 255 (66.4%) suffered from lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia, respectively. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia were more (P 0.05) in the 5–10 age group than those aged 11–16 years. Moreover, 41.4% of the participants were infected by a GAS sore throat. GAS sore throat is significantly associated with lymphadenopathy (AOR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.479–3.815, P 0.000) and tonsil hyperplasia (AOR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.939–5.874, P 0.000). Notably, males (AOR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.549–1.325, P 0.479) and individuals aged 5–10 years (AOR: 0.867, 95% CI: 0.464–1.618, P 0.654) were less likely to have a GAS sore throat. In our study, all isolated strains were sensitive to penicillin. Clindamycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 7 (4.4%), 44 (27.7%), and 47 (29.6%) isolates, respectively.Conclusion: The study displayed the current situation of GAS sore throat in the White Nile state. Penicillin was found to be the effective drug to cure S. tonsillitis but a high rate of resistance to macrolides was noticed which is an alarming sign

The frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial pathogens recovered from cancer patients and hospital environments

Objective: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance rates of nosocomial pathogens isolated from cancer patients and hospital environments. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2010 to May 2013 at Radiation and Isotopes Centre of Khartoum, Sudan. A total of 1503 samples (505 clinical and 998 environmental) were examined. Isolates were identified, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using standard laboratory procedures. Results: Out of 505 clinical samples, nosocomial pathogens were found as 48.1%. Among hospital environment samples, bacterial contaminants were detected in 29.7% of samples. The main microorganisms recovered from cancer patients were Proteus spp. (23.5%), Escherichia coli (22.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (21.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20.2%). The most frequent isolates from hospital environments were Bacillus spp. (50.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.2%) and P. aeruginosa (11.5%). The proportions of resistance among Gram-negative pathogens from cancer patients were high for ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. Moderate resistance rates were recorded to ciprofloxacin, such as 51.0% for P. aeruginosa, 21.7% for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 55.5% for Escherichia coli. Except Klebsiella, there were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) of resistance rates between Gram-negative isolates from cancer patients to those from the hospital environments. The proportions of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing isolates from cancer patients were not differ significantly (P = 0.763) from those collected from the hospital environments (49.2%; 91/185 vs. 47%; 32/68). Conclusions: The prevalence of nosocomial infection among cancer patients was high (48.1%) with the increasing of antimicrobial resistance rates. Hospital environments are potential reservoirs for nosocomial infections, which calls for intervention program to reduce environmental transmission of pathogens

Epidemiological Aspects and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Subjects with Tonsillitis, Sudan

Abstract Background: Globally, Streptococcus pharyngitis is a major public health challenge. The current study investigates the prevalence of Streptococcal pyogenes among children under 17 years old in ENT Kosti Teaching Hospital and examines the susceptibility of isolated S. pyogenes strains to commonly used antibiotics. Methods: A total of 384 throat swabs were obtained from children under the age of 17 who attended the Kosti Teaching Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated by conventional microbiology procedures. Each S. pyogenes strain was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the CLSI guidelines. Results: Most participants of this study were females 219 (57%) and aged between 5 and 10 years 259 (67.4%). Out of the 384 participants, 134 (34.9%) and 255 (66.4%) suffered from lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia, respectively. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia were more (P ˂ 0.05) in the 5–10 age group than those aged 11–16 years. Moreover, 41.4% of the participants were infected by a GAS sore throat. GAS sore throat is significantly associated with lymphadenopathy (AOR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.479–3.815, P ˂ 0.000) and tonsil hyperplasia (AOR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.939–5.874, P ˂ 0.000). Notably, males (AOR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.549–1.325, P 0.479) and individuals aged 5–10 years (AOR: 0.867, 95% CI: 0.464–1.618, P 0.654) were less likely to have a GAS sore throat. In our study, all isolated strains were sensitive to penicillin. Clindamycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 7 (4.4%), 44 (27.7%), and 47 (29.6%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion: The study displayed the current situation of GAS sore throat in the White Nile state. Penicillin was found to be the effective drug to cure S. tonsillitis but a high rate of resistance to macrolides was noticed which is an alarming sign