Levels of vitamin B-12 and folic acid in different cheese types

WOS: 000267672400006In this study, a total of 120 cheese samples including 30 Turkish white brined cheese, 30 kashar cheese, 30 tulum cheese, and 30 mihalic cheese samples were investigated for vitamin B-12 and folic acid contents Using Radio Protein Binding Assay (RPBA). The average vitamin B-12 and folate levels in 100 g of each of the white cheese, kashar cheese, tulum cheese, and mihalic cheese was determined as 0.93/11.12 mu g, 0.76/6.51 mu g, 0.77/6.35 mu g and 0.49/4.3 mu g, respectively. These results show that the investigated cheese samples have poor vitamin B-12, and folic acid content. Therefore they are insufficient for daily intake of vitamin B-12, and folic acid

Serotype identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasses

Gencay, Yilmaz Emre/0000-0002-2154-9663;WOS: 000279713700014PubMed: 19946796In this study, 32 Salmonella strains isolated from 400 chicken carcasses were serotyped, and antibiotic resistance profiles were detected against 12 selected antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion method. Thirty-two isolates were identified as follows; 22 (68.7%) Salmonella Enteritidis, five (15.6%) Salmonella Virchow, three (9.3%) Salmonella Typhimurium and two (6.2%) Salmonella Hadar. In all Salmonella isolates, antibiotic resistance were detected. Out of 32 Salmonella strains, 22 (68.75%) displayed multi-drug resistance. Thirty-two (100.0%) of the isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin G, 20 (62.5%) to nalidixic acid, four (12.5%) to cephalothin, two (6.2%) to streptomycin and two (6.2%) to tetracycline. Fifteen (68.1%) Salmonella Enteritidis, one (33.3%) Salmonella Typhimurium, two (100.0%) Salmonella Hadar and two (40.0%) Salmonella Virchow were shown to be resistant to nalidixic acid. Cephalothin resistance was detected in 9.0%, 33.3%, and 20.0% for Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Virchow, respectively. The results indicate that Salmonella recovered from chicken carcasses were resistant to multiple antimicrobials and that resistance among these isolates varies by serotype. Also, this emerged as a significant public health problem

The Relationship of Coxiella burnetii Seropositivity Between Farm Animals and Their Owners: A Pilot Study

GAZYAGCI, SERKAL/0000-0002-0043-6942WOS: 000281923000018Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. This study aimed to detect the relationship of C. burnetii seropositivity between farm animal owners and their animals. Blood serums of 20 farm animal owners, 32 cow and 88 sheep were investigated with indirect Immuno Fluorescent Assay (IFA) using C. burnetii phase I and II antigens. Milk samples of the same animals were tested for C. burnetii by PCR. The serological test results of animals and their owners were compared by statistically methods to reveal the interdependence and correlations. The seropositivities of IgG antibodies against C. burnetii were 90.0% for farm animal owners, 53.1% for cows and 63.6% for sheep. All of the animal owners were consuming dairy products made from their. own animals raw milk. However, as shown by PCR results, none of the tested cows and sheep were responsible for shedding of C. burnetii through their milks. Although, there was no correlation between the shedding pattern and serological results of animals, there was a significant correlation between the serological results of animals and their owners for both phase I and II antigens against C. burnetii. There are statistically important relationships between farm animals and their. owners about phase I and phase II IgG titration levels against C. burnetii. Moreover, there was close dependency between the presence of chronic C. burnetii infections in animals and their owners. On the other hand, serological results of milk samples are not in significant correlation with the serologically dependency of animals and their owners.Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [2008/46]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Kirikkale University (Project no. 2008/46). The researchers would like to express their greatfullness to Dr. Mehmet Tolga Dogru for his guidence and valuable supports in statistical analysis

Comparison of Virulence Gene Profiles of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Chicken Neck Skin and Faeces Isolates

Gencay, Yilmaz Emre/0000-0002-2154-9663WOS: 000281800200022The objective of this study was to find out the distribution of major virulence determinants asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl by multiplex PCR in 132 Enterococcus faecium and 67 Enterococcus faecalis isolates originated from chicken neck skin samples at slaughterhouse and faeces samples from intensive broiler enterprises and rural poultry establishments. In the study, 31.2% (62/199) of the enterococcal strains harbored at least one virulence determinant. The gelE gene was the predominant (30.2%) virulence trait among the enterococci investigated followed by asa1 (15.6%). Both gelE and asa1 genes were significantly higher in E. faecalis than E. faecium. The hyl, esp and cylA genes were detected with percentages of 1.5%, 1.5% and 0.8% in E. faecium isolates. None of the E. faecalis strains harbored cylA, esp and hyl genes. The results indicate that a clear difference was observed in the kind of virulence factor present in strains between faecal samples and skin samples. Also. E. faecium strains isolated from both chicken skin samples and faeces presented lower pathogenicity potential than did E. faecalis

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels and Antibiotic Residues in the Traditional Turkish Desserts and Ice Creams Consumed in Burdur City Center

WOS: 000281374200009Aflatoxins display an insufficiently recognized risk to human health. Aflatoxins M1 and M2 are oxidative metabolites of aflatoxins B1 and B2 in milk. They can be found in a variety of food items and are not destroyed by normal industrial processing or cooking. Also, foods from animals may contain residues of antibacterial drugs. In this study, totally 47 traditional milky dessert and ice cream samples including sutlac, gullac, muhallebi and ice cream were investigated for aflatoxin M1 by ELISA and for antibacterial drugs by bacterial growth inhibition methods. Aflatoxin values of the 8 samples exceeded 50 ng kg(-1) and among them only one sample exceeded 250 ng kg(-1). Thirty-one of the 47 milky dessert samples were positive. According to the results, antibiotic residues were detected in 32 out of 47 samples of milky desserts (68.1%). The milky desserts including aflatoxin M1 and/or antimicrobial drug residues are potential risk for public health. Prevention of the contamination of aflatoxin B1 and B2 in the animal food may prevent formation of aflatoxin M1 in animal products. Also, the farmers should be educated for the prevention of antibiotic residues in milk

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus species in chicken at slaughter level; absence of vanA and vanB genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium

Gencay, Yilmaz Emre/0000-0002-2154-9663;WOS: 000282120400003PubMed: 20189617The prevalence of enterococci in neck skin samples of poultry from Ankara region in Turkey was investigated and their antibiotic resistance patterns were determined. In the study, 83 of 106 analyzed neck skin samples were positive for Enterococcus, with E. faecium as the most prevalent species (48%) followed by E. durans (23%) and E. faecalis (19%). Lower numbers were detected for E. gallinarum, E. hirae, E. mundtii and E. casseliflavus. Using the disc diffusion method, it was established that over 90% of E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were high-level resistant against erythromycin and tetracycline. Four E. faecium isolates were additionally resistant to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and streptomycin, though they were susceptible to penicillin G. The most frequently observed multiple resistance in E. faecium (25%) was against erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. Of the E. faecalis isolates, 44% were multiple resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline and streptomycin. Vancomycin resistance could not be demonstrated phenotypically and vanA or vanB genes were not detected by multiplex PCR in any of the isolates. Nevertheless, the observed resistance patterns are of concern for public health. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Usage of Enterococcus faecium as starter culture in white cheese production

Goncuoglu, Muammer/0000-0001-7245-1941WOS: 000273222800003The objectives of the present Study was to determine the function of Enterococcus faecium as a starter Culture in Turkish white cheese and to investigate the effects oil the ripening period and the texture defects. Two types (traditional - white cheese made with high temperature pasteurized milk) of white cheeses were produced. All groups were ripened in vacuum pack at 4 degrees C for 90 d. Cheese samples were assessed for microbiological and compositional properties, proteolysis, and sensory evaluation at different ripening stages. E. faecium FAIR-E 198 Survived to numbers 10(7) cfu/g in two type of cheeses until 90 d of ripening. Although lactic acid was not significantly different in two types, city matter, salt in dry matter, fiat in dry matter and total protein were significantly different between two types of cheeses. Treatment group of the traditional cheese had the highest sensory scores of all cheeses. Consequently, E. faecium FAIR-E 198 could be used as a functional starter for white cheese and be shorten ripening time

Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in chicken carcasses by IMS-PCR

WOS: 000274263200015The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and seasonal distribution of Listeria, monocytogenes as determined in packaged, fresh chicken carcasses purchased from supermarkets in Ankara, Turkey. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were performed, based on hlyA gene (listeriolysin O [LLO]) specific primers. A total of 240 chicken carcasses were investigated over a one-year period. Forty-nine (20.2%) of the samples were determined as L. monocytogenes positive. It was found that the seasonal effect was not a significant factor for the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in chicken carcasses.General Directorate of Agricultural ResearchGida Tarim Ve Hayvancilik Bakanligi [TAGEM GY/07/03/01/127]This study was funded by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research (grant no. TAGEM GY/07/03/01/127)