Model and Technique over Software Requirement Prioritization

Requirement prioritization play a significant part in overcoming problems related to requirements and it use to increase customer satisfaction. Requirement prioritization is use to verify the correct functionality of product and guarantee that the software is built within the given constrains, like budget, cost, value, time and etc. Requirements prioritization reliant on the specific requirements of customer along with prediction of importance and cost of each requirements. The approaches proposed in modern days to prioritize requirements have not been widely used because of its complexity, its inconsistency and its time-consuming factor. This paper represents an analysis on obtainable prioritization techniques based on cost and benefit and drawbacks evaluation of requirements. This paper represents a new approach of requirement prioritization, which can be easily managed, implemented and used as decision-making device by decision maker for requirement prioritization. It also overcomes the drawback of existing requirement approaches. The results of newly proposed approach shows thatproposed model for requirement prioritization is simple and is useful for more refined critical decisions of prioritization, keeping in view the cost and benefit

The Relationship Between Grammatical Knowledge and Argumentative Essay Writing Proficiency Among IELTS Test Takers in Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between grammatical knowledge and argumentative essay writing proficiency among IELTS test takers in Pakistan. Specifically, the study aimed to determine whether grammatical knowledge played a role in improving students\u27 writing proficiency or not. To collect data, the researcher employed three instruments: a prompt for argumentative essay writing, a scoring rubric based on IELTS band descriptors, and a set of grammatical knowledge items developed by the researcher. A total of 131 students from various IELTS institutes in Pakistan were selected, including 86 males and 45 females. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23, utilizing Pearson Product-Moment analysis to calculate the correlation between grammatical knowledge and argumentative essay writing proficiency. The results of the study suggest that there is no significant relationship between grammatical knowledge scores and argumentative essay writing proficiency (p =.002>0.05). &nbsp

Correlation of Foot Wears with MSK Disorders in Ankle Joints Among Females

AIM: This paper is a report of study conducted to explain the factors that causes ankle sprain by wearing high heels among students of Sargodha medical college and university of Sargodha.BACKGROUND: High heeled shoes have been worn for several centuries and despite numerous cautions against their use, they remain extremely popular. Wearing high heeled shoes is thought to increase the individual’s likelihood of experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. The 19th century saw the first warnings that wearing high heels footwear could lead to trips and falls. Previous investigations have shown that high heeled shoes align the foot in planter flexion, modifying the relative orientation of the skeletal structures of ankle, midtarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints, and alter the insertion angles of the foot and gliding joint muscles, therefore increasing the risk factor for ankle sprain.METHODS: observational non-experimental study was conducted via a questionnaire which was distributed among 500 female students of SMC (Sargodha medical college) and university of Sargodha. These female students fall in age group between18-26.RESULT: The result of our study concluded that the types of heel and height of heel are the most significant factors that cause ankle sprain. The ankle sprain caused by wearing pencil heels and by use of <3 inch heels are greatest. Keywords: Pencil heel, height of heel, Ankle sprain, SMC, Female student. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/80-09 Publication date:September 30th 202

Brand Consciousness, Brand Loyalty, Consumer Satisfaction and Buying Behavior of Teenagers for Apparel and Clothing

This research has been designed with the goal of examining relationship among brand consciousness, brand loyalty, buying behavior and consumer satisfaction of teenagers towards clothing and apparel. This is hypothesized that brand consciousness, brand loyalty, buying behavior are likely to be significant predictors of consumer satisfaction. The sample comprised of n-200 young students enrolled in different public and private sector colleges of Lahore and Sahiwal. The measures comprised of Brand Consciousness Questionnaire, Brand Loyalty Questionnaire, Buying Behavior Scale, and Consumer Satisfaction Scale. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.00. The findings revealed that brand loyalty is positively and significantly correlated with brand consciousness, purchasing conduct and customer fulfillment. Brand cognizance and purchasing conduct are strong and positive predictors of brand loyalty resulting in increased consumer satisfaction. Both the genders are equally affected by brand consciousness, brand loyalty except for buying behavior. Keywords: Brand consciousness, Brand loyalty, Buying behavior, Consumer satisfactio

COMPARISON OF MAMMOGRAPHY AND ULTRASOUND COMBINED VERSUS ULTRASOUND ALONE IN EARLY EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMATIC BREAST CANCERS IN PAKISTAN

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect diagnostic accuracy of mammography and ultrasound combined versus ultrasound alone in early evaluation of symptomatic breast lesions.Materials and Methods: All new patients who presented to the breast clinic with symptomatic breast lesions, during the year 2012, were included in the study. A total of 695 patients were registered. Their clinical findings, mammogram, ultrasound and histopathology were reviewed.Results: Mammogram and ultrasound combined detected 693 (99.71%) lesions in total. Mammogram failed to detect lesions in 1.43% of patients, whereas the failure rate of ultrasound was 0.43%. The incidence of microcalcifications on mammogram was 19.13%.Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful tool in the initial evaluation of symptomatic breasts. For places such as Pakistan where mammogram is not available at every centre, ultrasound can be used as an effective alternative for the assessment of symptomatic breast lesions.Key words: Breast cancer, mammography, ultrasoun

Self-Medication of Antibiotics Among Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the frequency and perception regarding self-medication of antibiotics among medical students of Al-Nafees medical college, Isra university. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted in Al-Nafees Medical College from 1 April- 30 June 2019. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among medical students of Al-Nafees Medical College. A total of 220 students were included in the study, via convenient sampling technique, 44 students from each year, with male to female ratio of 1:1. A structured questionnaire comprising of 12 multiple choice questions along with a demographic details section was used to collect the data. The data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: Out of 220 students (mean age 21 +/-4 years), 74% of students were self-medicating. 26.8% said prior experience of use was the reason for self-medication while 2.7% wanted to maintain privacy. About 39.50% of students used antibiotics to treat fever, whereas 5.90% for genitourinary infections. About 38.2% reported that the major source of information was acquired from other students, while 7.7% from friends or internet. Type of antibiotic was put under consideration by 40.5% of the students while self-medicating, 38.6% consulted doctor for selecting dosage. Dosage was changed during course of treatment by 16.8% , major reason (28.6%) behind it was improvement in health condition. Twenty-two percent stopped taking antibiotics before course completion on disappearance of symptoms while 29.5% labelled it as an unacceptable practice. Conclusion: The trend of antibiotics' self-medication is quite high among medical students which may result in an increase in antibiotic resistance

Model-based in silico analysis of the PI3K/Akt pathway: the elucidation of cross-talk between diabetes and breast cancer

Background A positive association between diabetes and breast cancer has been identified by various epidemiological and clinical studies. However, the possible molecular interactions between the two heterogeneous diseases have not been fully determined yet. There are several underlying mechanisms which may increase the risk of breast cancer in diabetic patients. Introduction In this study, we focused on the role of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme in the regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway through activation/deactivation of Akt protein. The efficiency of insulin signaling in adipocytes is reduced as a result of OGT overexpression which further attenuates Akt signaling; as a result, the efficiency of insulin signaling is reduced by downregulation of insulin-responsive genes. On the other hand, increased expression of OGT results in Akt activation in breast cancer cells, leading to enhanced cell proliferation and inhibition of the apoptosis. However, the interplay amongst these signaling pathways is still under investigation. Methods In this study, we used Petri nets (PNs) to model and investigate the role of PI3K and OGT pathways, acting as key players in crosstalk between diabetes and breast cancer, resulting in progression of these chronic diseases. Moreover, in silico perturbation experiments were applied on the model to analyze the effects of anti-cancer agents (shRNA and BZX) and anti-diabetic drug (Metformin) on the system. Results Our PN model reflects the alterations in protein expression and behavior and the correlation between breast cancer and diabetes. The analysis proposed two combination therapies to combat breast cancer progression in diabetic patients including combination of OGTmRNA silencing and OGT inhibitor (BZX) as first combination and BZX and Metformin as the second. Conclusion The PN model verified that alterations in O-GlcNAc signaling affect both insulin resistance and breast cancer. Moreover, the combination therapy for breast cancer patients consisting of anti-diabetic drugs such as Metformin along with OGT inhibitors, for example BZX, can produce better treatment regimens

Effect of High Fiber Cereal Intake on Satiety and Gastrointestinal Symptoms during Ramadan.

(1) Background: Fasting during Ramadan involves large changes in daily eating patterns which strongly impacts the daily biorhythm and challenges the regular function of the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to assess satiety, bowel habits, body composition, blood glycaemia, and blood lipidemia after the consumption of high fiber cereal at dawn (Sohor) during the month of Ramadan; (2) Methods: A two-arm randomized, controlled, single-blinded, parallel-design study was conducted in Ramadan month. Participants were randomized to consume either 90 g of high fiber cereal (11 g fiber/90 g) at Sohor for 20 consecutive days (intervention group, n = 45) or to maintain their habitual diet intake (control group; n = 36); (3) Results: The intervention group reported higher satiety rating scores, improved bowel habits and reduced bloating frequency after the 20-day intervention. Significantly higher intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber were observed in the intervention group. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly lower among the intervention group compared to the control group (p-value = 0.043, and p-value = 0.033, respectively) at the end of the intervention. No significant differences in body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, body mass index, blood glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were observed between the two groups; (4) Conclusions: Consuming high fiber cereal had a positive effect on health and well-being during the month of Ramadan with better satiety, improved bowel functions, and improved blood lipids

A review of wireless pavement system based on the inductive power transfer in electric vehicles

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) hinges upon the availability of robust and efficient charging infrastructure, notably encompassing swift and convenient solutions. Among these, dynamic wireless charging systems have garnered substantial attention for their potential to revolutionize EV charging experiences. Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems, in particular, exhibit a promising avenue, enabling seamless wireless charging through integrated pavements for EVs. This review engages in an in-depth exploration of pertinent parameters that influence the inductivity and conductivity performance of pavements, alongside the assessment of potential damage inflicted by IPT pads. Moreover, the study delves into the realm of additive materials as a strategic approach to augment conductivity and pavement performance. In essence, the review consolidates a diverse array of studies that scrutinize IPT pad materials, coil dimensions, pavement characteristics (both static and dynamic), and adhesive properties. These studies collectively illuminate the intricate dynamics of power transfer to EVs while considering potential repercussions on pavement integrity. Furthermore, the review sheds light on the efficacy of various additive materials, including metal and nanocomposite additives with an SBS base, in amplifying both conductivity and pavement performance. The culmination of these findings underscores the pivotal role of geometry optimization for IPT pads and the strategic adaptation of aggregate and bitumen characteristics to unlock enhanced performance within wireless pavements

A comprehensive study on the performance of various tracker systems in hybrid renewable energy systems, Saudi Arabia

To compensate for the lack of fossil fuel-based energy production systems, hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) would be a useful solution. Investigating different design conditions and components would help industry professionals, engineers, and policymakers in producing and designing optimal systems. In this article, different tracker systems, including vertical, horizontal, and two-axis trackers in an off-grid HRES that includes photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), diesel generator (Gen), and battery (Bat) are considered. The goal is to find the optimum (OP) combination of an HRES in seven locations (Loc) in Saudi Arabia. The proposed load demand is 988.97 kWh/day, and the peak load is 212.34 kW. The results of the cost of energies (COEs) range between 0.108 to 0.143 USD/kWh. Secondly, the optimum size of the PV panels with different trackers is calculated. The HRES uses 100 kW PV in combination with other components. Additionally, the size of the PVs where 100% PV panels are used to reach the load demand in the selected locations is found. Finally, two sensitivity analyses (Sens) on the proposed PV and tracker costs and solar GHIs are conducted. The main goal of the article is to find the most cost-effective tracker system under different conditions while considering environmental aspects such as the CO2 social penalty. The results show an increase of 35% in power production from PV (compared to not using a tracker) when using a two-axis tracker system. However, it is not always cost-effective. The increase in power production when using vertical and horizontal trackers (HT) is also significant. The findings show that introducing a specific tracker for all locations depends on renewable resources such as wind speed and solar GHI, as well as economic inputs. Overall, for GHIs higher than 5.5 kWh/m2/day, the vertical tracker (VT) is cost-effective