Simultaneous Cesarean Section and Radical Nephrectomy With Tumor Thrombectomy During Pregnancy

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is uncommon during pregnancy. Accurate and timely diagnosis and careful preoperative planning are essential to optimize the patient outcomes. A 27-year-old pregnant woman presented with a large mass in left kidney and inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus, diagnosed at 33 weeks gestation. She was evaluated with an initial impression of pyelonephritis at other institutions and referred to our center after a delay of more than 3 weeks. RCC with IVC tumor thrombus has the potential to increase the likelihood of thromboembolic events including pulmonary embolism during pregnancy. Furthermore, simultaneous radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy and Cesarean section (CS) is challenging and might be associated with significant intraoperative blood loss. After consultation with an obstetrician and cardiac surgery team, our patient underwent CS and simultaneous left radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy at 34 weeks gestation. The postoperative course was uneventful and histologic analysis revealed pT3bN0M0 papillary RCC

The Role of Using Virtual Social Networks in the Professional Development of English Language Teachers

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of using virtual social networks in the professional development of english language teachers. The research method used in this research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included 170 english language teachers in the academic year 2017- 2018 in South Khorasan province. A total of 118 English language teachers were selected by stratified random sampling and was selected using the Morgan table. To collect data, two questionnaires were used: using social networking Shi and Partners (2014) and the Professional Development of Teachers Hosseini (2014). In order to analyze the data, the methods of statistical correlation, two-way ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis were used. The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the use of social networks with different educational levels (P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in gender and interaction gender with the level of education in the use of social networks. The correlation between interactive use of social networks and professional development is negative and significant, and the interactive use of social networks explains a small percentage (0.07) of professional development. In general, the use of social networks does not predict the professional development of teachers; therefore, the inappropriate and non-targeted use of social networks reduces the professional development of teacher

The Role of Professional Competence and Ethics in Primary School Teachers' Attitude toward Personalization of Learning

زمینه و هدف: شخصی‌سازی فرایند یادگیری در نظام‌های آموزشی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین نقش صلاحیت و اخلاق حرفه‌ای در نگرش به شخصی‌سازی یادگیری معلمان مقطع ابتدایی انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی ـ همبستگی روی 289 نفر از معلمان مقطع ابتدایی شهر بیرجند در سال تحصیلی 99-1398 انجام گرفت. نمونه‌گیری به روش خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انجام شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از سه پرسشنامه استاندارد: صلاحیت حرفه‌ای بابایی‌نژاد (2014 م.)، اخلاق حرفه‌ای سی.پتی (2000 م.) و نگرش به شخصی‌سازی یادگیری پرپارد و همکاران (2018 م.) استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری رگرسیون چندگانه و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون در نرم‌افزار SPSS 18 تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: سطح نگرش معلمان به شخصی‌سازی یادگیری با میانگین 0/049±3/93، صلاحیت حرفه‌ای با میانگین 71/032±3/0 و اخلاق حرفه‌ای با میانگین 0/027±4/46 بالاتر از حد متوسط قرار داشت. بین مؤلفه‌های صلاحیت (شناختی، نگرشی، مدیریتی) و اخلاق حرفه‌ای با نگرش معلمان به شخصی‌سازی یادگیری ارتباط معنا‌داری مشاهده شد (P&lt;0/01). صلاحیت‌های حرفه‌ای 38‌‌% و اخلاق حرفه‌ای 28‌‌% از تغییرات واریانس نگرش معلمان به شخصی‌سازی یادگیری را تبیین کردند. همچنین صلاحیت‌های حرفه‌ای ‌23‌‌% از تغییرات واریانس اخلاق حرفه‌ای را تبیین نمود. ملاحظات اخلاقی: اهداف پژوهش برای مشارکت‌کنندگان توضیح داده شد و رضایت آگاهانه شفاهی آن‌ها کسب شد. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها نشان داد که ارتقای صلاحیت و اخلاق حرفه‌ای معلمان موجب بهبود نگرش آنان به شخصی‌سازی یادگیری می‌شود. بنابراین توصیه می‌شود با ارتقای صلاحیت‌های معلمان و آموزش اخلاق حرفه‌ای، نگرش آنان به شخصی‌سازی یادگیری را بهبود بخشید.Background and Aim: Personalization of the learning process in educational systems is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to determine the role of professional competence and ethics in the attitude of primary school teachers toward personalization of learning. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 289 primary school teachers of Birjand city in the academic year of 2019-20. Sampling was performed by multi-stage clustering method. Three standard questionnaires were used to collect data: Babaei-Nejad's Professional Competence (2014), C-Petty's Professional Ethics (2000) and Prepared et al's Attitude to Personalized Learning Personalization (2018). Data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson correlation tests in SPSS 18. Findings: The level of teachers' attitude to personalization of learning with mean 3.93±0.049, Professional competence with mean of 3.71±0.032 and professional ethics with mean of 4.46±0.27, was higher than the average. There was a significant relationship between the components of competence (cognitive, attitude, management) and professional ethics with the teachers' attitude toward personalization of learning (P&lt;0.01). 38% of variations of the teachers' attitude toward personalization of learning explained by professional competence and ethics, respectively. Professional competence also explained for 23% of variations in the teachers' professional ethics. Ethical Considerations: The objectives of the study were explained to the participants and their oral verbal satisfaction was obtained. Conclusion: The findings showed that enhancing teachers' professional competence and ethics improves their attitude toward personalization of learning. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers' attitude toward personalization of learning be improved by enhancing teachers' competency and teaching professional ethics. &nbsp; Cite this article as: Naderi F, Ayati M, Khamesan A. The Role of Professional Competence and Ethics in Primary School Teachers' Attitude toward Personalization of Learning. Bioethics Journal 2020; 10(35): e1

Prevalence of Lymph Node Metastasis in Radical Prostatectomy; A Retrospective and Multicenter Study in Iran

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is considered an important prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of LN metastasis among an Iranian population who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with pelvic LN dissection (PLND). In a retrospective review of medical records, 450 RP cases were included and the data on LN metastasis were extracted from surgical pathology reports. Overall, 4.7% of the patients had LN metastasis. The rate of surgical stage T3 (50% vs. 13.5%; P=0.021) and pathological Gleason score ³7 (82.4% vs. 48.8%; P=0.002) was significantly higher among LN-positive patients. All patients with LN metastasis had a serum prostate specific antigen level >4 ng/ml. The diagnosis of prostate cancer is in an acceptable, but not ideal, stage of the disease; this may be due to screening examinations and tests

Bulbourethral Sling in Men with Stress Urinary Incontinence

Objective: This study evaluated  the efficacy and safety of  the bulbourethral sling in male urinary incontinence. Materials and methods: This case series was conducted in  Imam Khomeini hospital-Tehran , between April 2001 to December 2006. Bulbourethral sling was implanted in 7  patients with stress urinary incontinence after prostate surgery. The patients were monitored and evaluated in a prospective manner. The average follow up period was 24 months. Treatment was considered to be successful if the patient stopped wearing any kind of pad and improved if the patient  was wearing only one pad daily. Results: Five patients were completely dry. One patient weared one pad daily and the last patient suffered from treatment failure. All patients who were completely dry or had improvement were satisfied and presented no obstructive or irritative urinary symptoms. Urethral erosion was not reported. The overall success rate was 85%. Conclusion: The bulbourethral sling in men has satisfying results to treat urinary incontinence

Content Analysis Table of Medical Ethics Book Based on Allport’s Theory of Value System

Introduction: Regular assessment of academic textbooks and revision of teaching methods are critical for making such textbooks more efficient in meeting the needs of the new generation and conveying values to them. Therefore, in line with the necessity of textbook evaluation, this research examined the extent to which the Medical Ethics book named “physicians and ethical considerations” observed Allport’s value components. Methods: The research was carried out by means of content analysis with a quantitative approach and was categorical in type. The Medical Ethics Book (physician and ethical considerations) published in 2004 by deputy of education and university affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education was subject to analysis. Analyses were based on Allport’s value system. Units of content analysis were sentences which directly or indirectly (their concepts) referred to one of Allport’s value components. Scott’s formula was used to determine the reliability. In order to check the reliability, ten percent of the total content of the book along with definitions associated with value components and related indicators were recoded by a second rater and the agreement was found at 0.90 as the reliability index. Results: The mean of value orientation in a total of 879 sentences referring to values was 146.5±1 with the standard deviation of 2.766. Findings showed, were ranked as social values (30.83% with 271 sentences), religious values (23.43% with 206 sentences), political values (23.09% with 203 sentences), theoretical values (10.35% with 91 sentences), economic values (9.55% with 84 sentences) and aesthetic values (2.73% with 24 sentences). Conclusion: Social values were highly expressed in the book and aesthetic values were dealt with to a lesser degree. Therefore, considering the importance of the matter, it is suggested that the content of this book be revised and take theoretical, economic and aesthetic aspects into account in order to bring balance to even content distribution

The Role of Students’ Gender and Preferred Teaching Style in Predicting Student Academic Engagement in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Identifying students’ preferred teaching styles and matching teaching methods to these preferences by faculty members can improve effectiveness and increase student engagement. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the role of students’ gender and preferred teaching style in predicting student academic engagement in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected through Stratified sampling method. Data were collected through preferred teaching style questionnaire and academic engagement questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: Students’ preferred teaching style can predict their academic engagement (f(497,2)=41.54, p<0.01). Also, no significant relationship was found between teacher-centered preferred teaching style and academic engagement. Comparing Students` Preferred Teaching Style and Academic Engagement based on gender revealed that female students preferred student-centered teaching style while male students preferred the teacher-centered one. Also, the level of female students` academic engagement was higher than male students. Conclusion: According to the importance of academic engagement, it is suggested that more research should be done in order to identify factors contributing to the enhancement of medical students’ academic engagement

The Effects of Syllabus-based General English Language Teaching on Learning English Language Motivation, Attitude and Self-efficacy in Students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences

Background and Aim:&nbsp; One of the goals of learning the English language is communication with others. But despite the fact that Iranian students have been learning languages for many years, few are successful in acquiring relative skills in the English language. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of syllabus-based English language teaching on students&rsquo; English language motivation, attitude and self-efficacy. Method: This study is conducted using an exploratory mixed methods approach. Of the 202 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences who selected general language course, thirty medical students were selected through convenience sampling. Data was gathered using Gardner's questionnaire on attitude and motivation in learning English and Wang&rsquo;s questionnaire on self-efficacy in learning English. The quantitative analysis was done through paired t and the qualitative analysis was performed via qualitative and interpretive content analysis based on Heidegger&rsquo;s model including three steps of open, centralized, and axial coding steps.&nbsp; Results: The results obtained from the quantitative data showed that the general English course has no effect on students&rsquo; English language motivation, attitude and self-efficacy. analyzing the qualitative data revealed that students overall believed that the general English course has not any effect on English language motivation, attitude, and self-efficacy. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the teaching methods, design and planning of the English language course and the methods of evaluation and implementation of it require a fundamental change. Considering the key role of the professor, attention to the ability of the professors of the English language course is necessary. &nbsp

Exploring the Capabilities of Analytic Network Process in Curriculum-Related Decisions-making Studies

Curriculum development and design of learning systems have become a sophisticated process due to diverse set of learning needs and differences in learners' interests, contents, teaching-learning approaches and the impact of political, social and economic factors, and, hence, decision-making about this complex process and its related factors must be done scientifically. Therefore, choosing the effective approaches that lead us to make appropriate decisions is of paramount importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Analytic Network Process in decision making for the curriculum development based on philosophical method. In this paper, multi-criteria decision-making techniques, and differences between the Analytic Hierarchy Process with Analytic Network Process were analyzed. Then, the nature of the curriculum design and the complexity of decision-making in this field were discussed, and its correlation with new methods was analyzed. The findings indicated the efficiency of the Analytic Network Process in managing the challenges of curriculum implementation, recognizing the influential and complex factors in curriculum development, developing futuristic outlook toward curriculum changes, and analyzing the educational needs which are beneficial for researchers and curriculum planners

The Effect of Mobile Learning on Metacognitive Self-regulation and Attitudes of Students of Allied Health Sciences

Introduction: The advantage of mobile learning in education is mobility and availability. This type of learning not only increases learner’s satisfaction and encourages them, but also develops learner’s interactions and effective communicational activities. As a result, this study was performed to investigate metacognitive self-regulation and attitude of students of allied health sciences through mobile learning in Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, study population included operating room students (n=43) in satellite faculties of Birjand (Ghaen and Ferdows). Initially a relevant microbiology mobile book was installed on students’ mobile phones in case group (22 students). The microbiology contents were represented to the students of case group through the mobile book and SMS in addition to regular face to face technique. The control group received only conventional face-to-face training. Data gathering tool included questionnaires of Pintrich metacognitive self-regulation and students' attitude toward mobile learning. Pintrich has reported high validity and reliability and this also approved by domestic studies. A questionnaire of 12 items was used for investigating students’ attitude toward mobile learning which its validity was verified through factor analysis and the reliability was confirmed through Cronbach’s Alpha. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results of the study showed that mobile use has a significant effect on students’ metacognitive self-regulation and attitudes (p<0.0005). Conclusion: Mobile learning left a positive effect on students’ metacognitive self-regulation and attitudes. Therefore, it is recommended that curriculum planners design and employ appropriate mobile learning methods to enhance attitude, motivation, and self-regulation skills of students