Comparison of parasitic helminth infection between the different age groups of Clarias gariepinus from Asa dam Ilorin, north-central Nigeria

A total of 160 specimens of Clarias gariepinus comprising three age groups – juveniles (standard length 10.0 – 29.9 cm), sub-adults (fish length 30.0 – 39.9 cm) and adults (fish length 40.0 – 59.9 cm) were collected over a period of 8 months from Asa dam, a major river in Ilorin. The fish length and weight ranged from 12.5 to 41.0 cm and 152 to 597 g respectively. They were subjected to parasitological examinations. two cestode types - Amonotaenia sp and Polyonchobothrium clarias; two nematode types - Paracamallanus sp and Procamallanus laevionchus and one acanthocephalan – Neoechinorhynchus rutili were detected. Eighty-eight parasites were recovered. 27.5% of all fish examined showed parasitic infection. Helminth infection was found in juveniles and sub-adults only. Infection rate was higher in sub-adults than in juveniles

Economic analysis of utilizing Kainji gas kiln for fish smoking in the Kainji Lake Basin of Nigeria

Marketing of smoked fish in the Kainji Lake Basin (Nigeria) has been found to be complex, traditional and inefficient. It is also said to be limited in scope due to poor handling and processing techniques, lack of storage facilities and inadequate marketing informations. The invention of Kainji gas kiln has been found suitable to overcoming poor handling and processing techniques. This paper discusses the feasibility of operating Kainji gas kiln commercially supported with adequate storage facilities and competent management hands. The financial indicators of net present value (NPV), 47,481.11, Internal rate of return (IRR) 24% and payback period of 2.3 years that are calculated confirmed that the commercial use of Kainji gas kiln is indeed profitably feasibl

Fishery management plans and the development of artisanal fisheries in Nigeria: a review

Management of natural resources all over the world is of paramount importance to their sustainability in developing countries like Nigeria, there is less emphasis on proper management especially of fishery and other aquatic resources due to lack of sensitization and enlightenment of the rural dwellers who are closer to such natural resources. The main thrust of this review is to examine the management plans for Nigerian freshwater bodies (rivers and lakes) and the impact of such plans on the artisanal fisheries development in Nigeria. From the on-shelf information gathered there is scarcity of information on the management of Nigerian freshwater body's information available indicates that there is the traditional fisheries management and the government legal approach in form of fisheries Laws and Regulations. However, these management techniques are poorly carried out since there is a poor follow-up. Appreciable impact of fisheries management introduced on Kanji Lake by the Nigerian-German Kanji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project (NGKLFPP) between 1993 and 2001 proves worthwhile as this introduced some management measures such as implementation of fisheries Laws and Regulations, the ban of obnoxious fishing methods, introduction of fishing license, constitution of a management unit and appointment of liaison fishermen. Within the operative years of the project a lot of success was achieved and it is recommended that the approach in Kainji should be replicated in other freshwater bodies in Nigeria to alleviate poverty in the rural poor fishing communitie

Comparative Study of 2011 and 2015 Presidential Elections in Nigeria

This paper investigates comparative study of 2011 and 2015 presidential elections in Nigeria with specific focus on the Fourth Republic from the comparative analysis perspectives Thus through the use of comparative theory unfolds the causes responsible for the opposition travail in the 2015 election in Nigeria By the use of the comparative analysis we try to know what is common and find out the causes and consequences for the victory and the losses This research also presents statistical data analysis of the both elections for comparison It was undertaking to ascertain the nature and character of the 2011 and 2015 election This article therefore recommends that in order for the electoral system to be free and fair there is need for government to place priority on education through free and compulsory education Avoid inflammatory rhetoric publicly denounce violence pledge to respect rules in particular the Code of Conduct for Political Parties and pursue grievances through lawful channels it also indicate that the sovereign power belongs to the people The era of political parties taking people for granted is gone Nigerians are very conscious of their rights they know with their votes is they can install or remove government that failed to perfor

Adoption of simple technologies for poverty alleviation

Several technologies have been disseminated to the rural populace of which few were adoptable while others were above their reaches. The adoption-rejection behaviour of the people of Monai community formed the basis for this study. Twenty women fish processors were interviewed using standard questionnaire. The study discovered that the women fish processors used the new introduced Better Life Programme Banda in rotation for even coverage. The use of new Banda has a positive effect on the quantity of fish processed and income. Additional two basins were processed on weekly basis with an income of N1,000.00 over the previous processing technology. No women processor however had the new Banda on individual basis for cost. Hence rural people adopt a technology that is cheap and simple but conforming to their traditional practices and values. Therefore any innovation intended for the rural populace should take cognizance of their socio-economic and cultural factor

Method development and application for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.This work involved the analysis of PAHs under optimized conditions of gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) method and after extracting by optimised ultrasonic extraction (USE) (for sediment samples) and solid phase extraction (SPE) (for water samples). The accuracy of the entire optimized methods was checked by analysing spiked water and sediment samples at single level representing the natural anticipated concentration levels in the respective matrices. Analytical performance of parameters such as linear range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), extraction efficiency were determined as part of quality assurance. The optimized methods were then applied for the analysis of PAHs in real water and sediment samples. The LOD and LOQ for the optimized SPE method ranged from 0.01- 0.17 µg/L and 0.05-0.5 µg/L. The LOD and LOQ for the optimized USE ranged from 0.008-0.09 and 0.03-0.20 µg/kg. The percentage recoveries obtained under optimum conditions ranged between 87-121% for SPE and 83-117% for ultrasonic with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 10% for both methods. The concentration levels of PAHs obtained in wastewater, river water and dam water were between 0.186-7.74 µg/L, 2.17-32.94 µg/L and 2.5-3.3 µg/L, respectively. The concentration levels of PAHs obtained in river and dam sediment samples were between 2.8-42.0 µg/kg and 2.8-3.9 µg/kg, respectively

The role of resilience and socio-economic status in the parenting of children with autism spectrum disorder in South Africa

A research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MA in Psychology by Coursework and Dissertation, in the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 05 May 2015.The purpose of this study was to understand the role of resilience and socio-economic status (SES) in the parenting of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in 3 South Africa cities (Johannesburg, Pretoria and Durban). This study also intended to understand the extent to which SES moderated the relationship between resilience and parental daily stresses. A total of 102 parents of children with ASD completed three measures (Family Resilience Assessment Scale, Parental Daily Hassles Scale and Hollingshead Two Factor Index). Pearson’s correlation revealed significant moderate correlations between parental daily hassles (frequency and intensity scales), Family Resilience Assessment Scale, and SES. A regression analysis illustrated that the parent’s gender was a significant contributor in the daily hassles of parents (Frequency and Intensity). A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between fathers and mothers in favour of the latter on Parental Daily Hassles Frequency and Intensity. A stepwise regression illustrated that SES moderated the relationship between Resilience and Parental Hassles (Intensity). The family’s SES levels had a significant impact in the resilience levels of the parents such that lower SES parents were faced with more micro level challenges that impacted in their parenting