271 research outputs found
Functional organisation of anterior thoracic stretch receptors in the deep-sea isopod Bathynomus doederleini: Behavioural, morphological and physiological studies
The relationship between segmental mobility and the
organisation of thoracic stretch receptors was examined in
the deep-sea isopod Bathynomus doederleini, which shows
a developed adaptive behaviour during digging. The
movements of segments during digging were analysed
from video recordings, which showed that a large
excursion occurred in the anterior thoracic segments. Dyefills
of axons revealed four types of thoracic stretch
receptor (TSR): an N-cell type (TSR-1), a differentiated Ncell
type (TSR-2), a muscle receptor organ (MRO)-type
with a long, single receptor muscle (TSR-3) and an MROtype
with a short, single receptor muscle (TSR-4 to
TSR-7).
Physiologically, TSR-1 and TSR-2 are tonic-type stretch
receptors. TSR-3 to TSR-7 show two kinds of stretchactivated
responses, a tonic response and a phasico-tonic
response in which responses are maintained as long as the
stretch stimulus is delivered. Both TSR-2, with a long
muscle strand, and TSR-3, with a single, long receptor
muscle, have a wide dynamic range in their stretchactivated
response. In addition, TSR-2 is controlled by an
intersegmental inhibitory reflex from TSR-3. These results
suggest that, although TSR-1 has no receptor muscle and
TSR-2 has a less-differentiated receptor-like muscle, they
are fully functional position detectors of segmental
movements, as are the MRO-type receptors TSR-3 to
TSR-7.</p
Morphological and Biochemical Changes During Aging and Photoaging of the Skin of C57BL/6J Mice
The differences between the dorsal skin of 11- and 16-week-old C57BL/6J mice were
examined morphologically and biochemically. The dermis of the 16-week-old mice
was thinner than that of the 11-week-old mice due to decreases in the amounts of
soluble collagen and elastin. Next, the changes in dorsal skin exposed to UVA
irradiation for 8 weeks (576 J/cm2) were examined in 3 (younger)- and 8
(older)-week-old C57BL/6J mice. The thickness of the dermis was not
significantly different between the UVA-irradiated and control mice in either
the younger or older group. The increase in the amount of collagen was related
to the increase in the level of soluble collagen in the younger mice. In
contrast, it was related to the increase in the level of insoluble collagen in
the older mice. In the UVA-irradiated older mice, the activity of the latent
form of MMP-13 was significantly higher than that in the control mice. These
results suggest that aging and UVA-induced photoaging in the skin are
histologically and biochemically different phenomena
Ankle-Brachial Index as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation -A Subanalysis of the IMPACT-ABI Study
Article信州医学雑誌 67(3): 197-204(2019)journal articl
Left ventricular deformation and torsion assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with mutated transthyretin-associated cardiac amyloidosis and the effect of diflunisal on myocardial function
AbstractBackgroundMutated transthyretin-associated (ATTRm) amyloidosis with heart failure is associated with decreased longitudinal left ventricular (LV) myocardial contraction, as measured by strain Doppler echocardiography. We sought to clarify whether speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) would provide useful information in patients with ATTRm cardiac amyloidosis.MethodsOne hundred twenty-three consecutive patients with ATTRm amyloidosis were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 had no evidence of cardiac involvement (n=47), group 2 had heart involvement but no congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels <100pg/mL (n=35), and group 3 had heart involvement and CHF and/or serum BNP levels ≥100pg/mL (n=41). All patients underwent standard 2-dimensional (2D), Doppler echo, and STE.ResultsBy standard 2D and Doppler echo, differences in parameters were only apparent between group 3 and groups 1 and 2. Global circumferential strains by STE at each LV level and LV torsion were different between group 1 and groups 2 and 3, but not between group 2 and group 3. In contrast, global longitudinal LV strain showed significant intergroup differences (−17.3±2.3%, −13.3±2.3%, −9.9±3.3% for groups 1 to 3, respectively, P<0.0001). Radial strain also showed significant intergroup differences for each basal LV segment. Among 41 patients who could have been followed up after 1year, 34 patients with diflunisal treatment had shown improvement in apical rotation and torsion without deterioration in multidirectional strains.ConclusionATTRm cardiac amyloidosis is characterized by progressive impairment in longitudinal and basal LV radial function when global circumferential shortening and torsion remain unchanged
Salivary Levels of Hemoglobin for Screening Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review
Periodontal disease is a common inflammatory disease. It affects about 20–50% of global population in both developed and developing countries. Early detection of slight changes of periodontal tissue plays an important role in prevention of onset and progression of periodontal disease. Hence, there is a need of a screening test to assess periodontal tissue for health check-ups. Salivary levels hemoglobin (Hb) has been proposed to assess the conditions of the inflammation of gingiva. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and summarize critically the current evidences for Hb as periodontal screening test. We performed a literature search of report published using PubMed databases. A total of 55 articles were retrieved and 16 were selected. Our review focuses on corelation coefficient with periodontal clinical parameters or sensitivity and specificity. As a result, fourteen studies calculated sensitivity and specificity of Hb. Six studies measured salivary levels hemoglobin at laboratory: three studies used polyclonal antibody reactions and other studies used colorimetric tests. Eight studies used paper strip method: 4 studies used monoclonal antibody reaction and 4 studies used colorimetric tests. Youden’s indexes by antibody reaction were better than those of colorimetric methods. Evidences are described above and further studies are necessary to set the cut off values stratified by gender, age and number of remaining teeth
Prognostic Impact of Cardio-renal-anemia Syndrome in Patients at Risk for Heart Failure from the IMPACT-ABI study
Article信州医学雑誌 68(3): 139-147(2020)journal articl
Male mice, caged in the International Space Station for 35 days, sire healthy offspring
Matsumura, T., Noda, T., Muratani, M. et al. Male mice, caged in the International Space Station for 35 days, sire healthy offspring. Sci Rep 9, 13733 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50128-
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