Sports Competence in Softball : How to Improve Control

本研究の目的は，ソフトボール初心者の中学２年生を対象に技術認識の向上によるパフォーマンスの向上と戦術学習により，自分で結果をコントロールできる自信である「統制感」を高めることであった。宣言的知識と手続き的知識の学習及び，スモールステップによるペッパーゲームとステップアンドスローのドリルによって学び方を考えながらプレイする授業プログラムを構成した。単元前統制感の高低によって反復測定分散分析を行った。結果，統制感下位群において，身体的有能さの認知，統制感，学習方略が有意に高まった。このことより，統制感下位群の生徒が実際のゲームで使える技術認識を向上させ，自分の上達を実感することによって運動学習に見通しを持って挑戦する意欲が高まったことが明らかになった。学習ノートの記述分析をしたところ，授業の進行とともに「手続き的知識」の記述とともに，「状況判断」や「運営」の記述数が増加した。技術認識と統制感を高めることによって状況判断のあるゲームを楽しんでいることが示唆された。The purpose of this study was to improve the control of sports competence. It was studied in softball novices among junior high school students (N=61). Learning about declarative knowledge and the procedural knowledge were programmed in physical education classes. Learning from a challenge, the ‘correction pepper game drill’ and the ‘step and throw drill’ by a small step were programed. As for the results of analysis of variance, the learning strategies and physical competence for control were improved in the lower group after the program. It was suggested that this program made the readiness to enjoy softball with making a prediction and judgment

Novel Calcium-Binding Ablating Mutations Induce Constitutive RET Activity and Drive Tumorigenesis

がんゲノム医療のさらなる拡大へ向けた一歩 --コンピュータ解析で意義不明変異のなかに治療標的となる新たな遺伝子変異を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-29.Distinguishing oncogenic mutations from variants of unknown significance (VUS) is critical for precision cancer medicine. Here, computational modeling of 71, 756 RET variants for positive selection together with functional assays of 110 representative variants identified a three-dimensional cluster of VUSs carried by multiple human cancers that cause amino acid substitutions in the calmodulin-like motif (CaLM) of RET. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that CaLM mutations decrease interactions between Ca²⁺ and its surrounding residues and induce conformational distortion of the RET cysteine-rich domain containing the CaLM. RET-CaLM mutations caused ligand-independent constitutive activation of RET kinase by homodimerization mediated by illegitimate disulfide bond formation. RET-CaLM mutants possessed oncogenic and tumorigenic activities that could be suppressed by tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting RET. This study identifies calcium-binding ablating mutations as a novel type of oncogenic mutation of RET and indicates that in silico–driven annotation of VUSs of druggable oncogenes is a promising strategy to identify targetable driver mutations

石川県における健常成人の口腔状態と腸内細菌叢の関連

Oral conditions may influence eating habits and nutrient intake, and nutrient intake in turnmay affect the gut microbiome. Furthermore, the microbiome can affect the health of thehost. However, few studies have addressed the above speculations. The present study wasperformed to examine the relationships between oral conditions, nutrient intake, and thegut microbiota in 239 participants in Ishikawa prefecture, Japan. Denture use altered thedietary fiber intake and increased the relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella in the gut.However, several other oral conditions affected the gut microbiota without altering nutrientintake. Diets high in dietary fiber have been reported to decrease the relative abundanceof Escherichia/Shigella. Therefore, this study suggested that denture use resulted in lowdietary fiber intake and increased the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella. As these bacteriahave been reported to cause inflammation in the colon and various diseases, the resultssuggested that changes in oral conditions may lead to deterioration of several diseases

Skin microbiome profile in people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon

The presence of pathogens and the state of diseases, particularly skin diseases, may alter the composition of human skin microbiome. HIV infection has been reported to impair gut microbiome that leads to severe consequences. However, with cutaneous manifestations, that can be life-threatening, due to the opportunistic pathogens, little is known whether HIV infection might influence the skin microbiome and affect the skin homeostasis. This study catalogued the profile of skin microbiome of healthy Cameroonians, at three different skin sites, and compared them to the HIV-infected individuals. Taking advantage on the use of molecular assay coupled with next-generation sequencing, this study revealed that alpha-diversity of the skin microbiome was higher and beta-diversity was altered significantly in the HIV-infected Cameroonians than in the healthy ones. The relative abundance of skin microbes such as Micrococcus and Kocuria species was higher and Cutibacterium species was significantly lower in HIV-infected people, indicating an early change in the human skin microbiome in response to the HIV infection. This phenotypical shift was not related to the number of CD4 T cell count thus the cause remains to be identified. Overall, these data may offer an important lead on the role of skin microbiome in the determination of cutaneous disease state and the discovery of safe pharmacological preparations to treat microbial-related skin disorders

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis secondary to autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: A case report

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare form of interstitial pneumonitis. Although most cases of PPFE are idiopathic, some cases of PPFE occur secondary to stem cell transplantation. We report a 41-year-old woman developed pneumonia after autologous peripheral blood system cell transplantation (PBSCT). Eleven years after PBSCT, she presented with dyspnea. A computed tomographic scan showed pleuroparenchymal thickening and predominantly in the upper lobes. She was diagnosed with PPFE secondary to PBSCT. She was started nintedanib and administered oxygen therapy. Most cases of PPFE secondary to stem cell transplantation have been reported. However, we experienced the case of PPFE post-autologous PBSCT

Enhanced Efficacy of Doxorubicin by microRNA-499-Mediated Improvement of Tumor Blood Flow

Genetic therapy using microRNA-499 (miR-499) was combined with chemotherapy for the advanced treatment of cancer. Our previous study showed that miR-499 suppressed tumor growth through the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and subsequent angiogenesis. In the present study, we focused on blood flow in tumors treated with miR499, since some angiogenic vessels are known to lack blood flow. Tetraethylenepentamine-based polycation liposomes (TEPA-PCL) were prepared and modified with Ala-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly peptide (APRPG) for targeted delivery of miR-499 (APRPG-miR-499) to angiogenic vessels and tumor cells. The tumor blood flow was significantly improved, so-called normalized, after systemic administration of APRPG-miR-499 to Colon 26 NL-17 carcinoma–bearing mice. In addition, the accumulation of doxorubicin (DOX) in the tumors was increased by pre-treatment with APRPG-miR-499. Moreover, the combination therapy of APRPG-miR-499 and DOX resulted in significant suppression of the tumors. Taken together, our present data indicate that miR-499 delivered with APRPG-modified-TEPA-PCL normalized tumor vessels, resulting in enhancement of intratumoral accumulation of DOX. Our findings suggest that APRPG-miR-499 may be a therapeutic, or a combination therapeutic, candidate for cancer treatment