Resting energy expenditure depends on energy intake during weight loss in people with obesity: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective: Resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases if there is reduced energy intake and body weight (BW). The decrease in REE could make it difficult for patients with obesity to maintain decreased BW. This study aimed to investigate the correlation among changes in REE, energy intake, and BW during the weight loss process in patients with obesity. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized for the treatment of obesity in Japan. Patients received fully controlled diet during hospitalization and performed exercises if able. REE was measured once a week using a hand-held indirect calorimetry. Energy intake was determined by actual dietary intake. Results: Of 44 inpatients with obesity, 17 were included in the analysis. Their BW decreased significantly after 1 week (−4.7 ± 2.0 kg, P < 0.001) and 2 weeks (−5.7 ± 2.2 kg, P < 0.001). The change in REE after 1 and 2 weeks was positively correlated with the energy intake/energy expenditure ratio (r = 0.66, P = 0.004 at 1 week, r = 0.71, P = 0.002 at 2 weeks). Using a regression equation (y = 0.5257x – 43.579), if the energy intake/energy expenditure ratio within the second week was 82.9%, the REE after 2 weeks was similar to the baseline level. There was no significant correlation between the change in REE and BW. Conclusions: Our data suggest that changes in REE depend on energy intake/energy expenditure ratio and that the decrease in REE can be minimized by matching energy intake to energy expenditure, even during the weight loss process

Boehmite Nanofiber–Polymethylsilsesquioxane Core–Shell Porous Monoliths for a Thermal Insulator under Low Vacuum Conditions

Boehmite Nanofiber–Polymethylsilsesquioxane Core–Shell Porous Monoliths for a Thermal Insulator under Low Vacuum Condition

Fabrication of hydrophobic polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels by a surfactant-free method using alkoxysilane with ionic group

<p>Phase separation control is an important factor to prepare a porous monolith by an aqueous sol–gel reaction. Here, we report a surfactant-free synthesis method to obtain hydrophobic polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels by copolymerizing a cationic-functionalized alkoxysilane <i>N</i>-trimethoxysilylpropyl-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-trimethylammonium chloride. The resultant materials have low-density, high visible-light transmittance, and high thermal insulating equivalent to those of prepared under the presence of surfactant.</p

Polymethylsilsesquioxane–Cellulose Nanofiber Biocomposite Aerogels with High Thermal Insulation, Bendability, and Superhydrophobicity

Polymethylsilsesquioxane–cellulose nanofiber (PMSQ-CNF) composite aerogels have been prepared through sol-gel in a solvent containing a small amount of CNFs as suspension. Since these composite aerogels do not show excessive aggregation of PMSQ and CNF, the original PMSQ networks are not disturbed. Composite aerogels with low density (0.020 g cm^–3 at lowest), low thermal conductivity (15 mW m^–1 K^–1), visible light translucency, bending flexibility, and superhydrophobicity thus have been successfully obtained. In particular, the lowest density and bending flexibility have been achieved with the aid of the physical supporting effect of CNFs, and the lowest thermal conductivity is comparable with the original PMSQ aerogels and standard silica aerogels. The PMSQ-CNF composite aerogels would be a candidate to practical high-performance thermal insulating materials