Memory Association in Place Making: A review

AbstractPeople experience present world that is causally connected physically and mentally with past events and objects. This study is to present a synthesis of literature studies from 1990 to 2010 with relation to memory association in place making. Aspects taken into consideration include methodological issue and factor used within the city centre from the person memory and perceptions, followed by the associations between place and memory. In summary, one's memory and perception of the environment are shaped by three components; role of event, history and monument remembrance of a place that enables us to perceive a place through memory association

Sleep Duration and Overweight among Elementary Schoolchildren:A Population-based Study in Japan

Although a number of studies have investigated the relationship of sleep duration to overweight and obesity, studies conducted among population-based elementary schoolchildren have been limited in Japan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and overweight among elementary schoolchildren in Japan. The study subjects were all fourth-grade schoolchildren (9 or 10 years of age) in Ina-town, Saitama Prefecture, Japan from 1999 to 2008. Information concerning each subjectʼs sex, age, and lifestyle was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire, while measurements of his or her height and weight were carried out. Childhood overweight was determined according to the definition established by the International Obesity Task Force. Data from 3,433 children were analyzed. In logistic regression analysis, a statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed between sleep duration and overweight among boys (p for trend＝0.014) but not among girls (p for trend＝0.149). Short sleep duration was associated with childhood overweight, and the sex difference in the association was observed. These findings suggested that it is important to consider sleep duration as part of any program to prevent overweight among elementary schoolchildren, especially among boys

9Mおよび15Mサブピクセル超高解像度液晶モニタの臨床的有用性の基礎的検討 : ファントム画像を用いた視覚評価

取得学位 : 博士（保健学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第2110号 , 学位授与年月日 : 平成22年3月23日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大学, 審査結果の報告日 : 平成22年2月17

Changes in body mass index, leptin and adiponectin in Japanese children during a three-year follow-up period: a population-based cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>The study examined changes in and relationship between body mass index (BMI), leptin and adiponectin levels over a 3-year period in a pediatric population-based cohort.</p> <p>Study design</p> <p>A 3-year prospective cohort study of 268 boys and 251 girls aged 9–10 in Ina, Saitama, Japan.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Median body mass index (BMI) significantly increased from baseline (age 9–10) to follow up (age 12–13) in boys from 17.1 to 18.3 kg/m²(<it>P </it>< 0.001) and in girls from 16.5 to 18.5 kg/m²(<it>P </it>< 0.001), respectively. Adiponectin values significantly decreased from baseline to follow up in boys (13.5 to 8.9 μg/ml, respectively) (<it>P </it>< 0.001) and in girls (12.4 to 9.5 μg/ml, respectively) (<it>P </it>< 0.001). Leptin values at follow up significantly decreased from baseline in boys (4.9 to 2.3 ng/dl, respectively) (<it>P </it>< 0.001) and also in girls (5.3 to 5.1 ng/dl, respectively) (<it>P </it>= 0.049).</p> <p>A relatively strong correlation was seen in BMI (Spearman's correlation coefficient, <it>r </it>= 0.864, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in boys; <it>r </it>= 0.873, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in girls), adiponectin (<it>r </it>= 0.705, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in boys; <it>r </it>= 0.695, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in girls), and leptin (<it>r </it>= 0.449, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in boys; <it>r </it>= 0.610, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in girls) before and after the three-year period.</p> <p>The ratio of follow up to baseline BMI was negatively correlated with that for adiponectin (<it>r </it>= -0.224, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in boys; <it>r </it>= -0.165, <it>P </it>= 0.001 in girls) and positively correlated with that for leptin (<it>r </it>= 0.518, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in boys; <it>r </it>= 0.609, <it>P </it>< 0.001 in girls).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study demonstrated that baseline adiponectin, leptin and BMI values measured at ages 9–10 correlated with those measured three years later. However, adiponectin values decreased and leptin values increased in those subjects whose BMI increased during over this period.</p

セイカツ ノ ジリツ ALS-D プロジェクト ノ ジッセン ヨリ

第2 部 コミュニケーションデザイン論集論文・実践報

The Three Spectral Regimes Found in the Stellar Black Hole XTE J1550--564 in its High/Soft State

The present paper describes the analysis of multiple RXTE/PCA data of the black hole binary with superluminal jet, XTE J1550-564, acquired during its 1999--2000 outburst. The X-ray spectra show features typical of the high/soft spectral state, and can approximately be described by an optically thick disk spectrum plus a power-law tail. Three distinct spectral regimes, named standard regime, anomalous regime, and apparently standard regime, have been found from the entire set of the observed spectra. When the X-ray luminosity is well below 6E38 erg/s (assuming a distance of 5 kpc), XTE J1550-564 resides in the standard regime, where the soft spectral component dominates the power-law component and the observed disk inner radius is kept constant. When the luminosity exceeds the critical luminosity, the apparently standard regime is realized, where luminosity of the optically thick disk rises less steeply with the temperature, and the spectral shape is moderately distorted from that of the standard accretion disk. In this regime, radial temperature gradient of the disk has been found to be flatter than that of the standard accretion disk. The results of the apparently standard regime are suggestive of a slim disk (e.g., Abramowicz et al. 1988, Watarai et al. 2000) which is a solution predicted under high mass accretion rate. In the intermediate anomalous regime, the spectrum becomes much harder, and the disk inner radius derived using a simple disk model spectrum apparently varies significantly with time. These properties can be explained as a result of significant thermal inverse Comptonization of the disk photons, as was found from GRO J1655-40 in its anomalous regime by Kubota, Makishima and Ebisawa (2001).Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures; Resubmitted to ApJ by taking referee's comments into consideratio

Observational Evidence for Strong Disk Comptonization in GRO J1655-40

Analysis was made of the multiple XTE/PCA data on the promised black hole candidate with superluminal jet, GRO J1655-40, acquired during its 1996--1997 outburst. The X-ray spectra can be adequately described by the sum of an optically thick disk spectrum and a power-law. When the estimated 1--100 keV power-law luminosity exceeds 1E37 erg/s (assuming a distance of 3.2 kpc), the inner disk radius and the maximum color temperature derived from a simple accretion disk model (a multi-color disk model) vary significantly with time. These results reconfirm the previous report by Sobczak et al. (1999). In this strong power-law state (once called ``very high state''), the disk luminosity decreases with temperature, in contradiction to the prediction of the standard Shakura-Sunyaev model. In the same state, the intensity of the power-law component correlates negatively with that of the disk component, and positively with the power-law photon index, suggesting that the strong power-law is simply the missing optically thick disk emission. One possible explanation for this behavior is inverse-Compton scattering in the disk. By re-fitting the same data incorporating a disk Comptonization, the inner radius and temperature of the underlying disk are found to become more constant. These results provide one of the first observational confirmations of the scenario of disk Comptonization in the strong power-law state. This strong power-law state seems to appear when color temperature of the disk exceeds the certain threshold, 1.2 -- 1.3 keV.Comment: 10 pages 4 figures; submitted to ApJ