Small HSPs molecular weights as new indication to the hypothesis of segregated status of thermophilic relict Gmelinoides fasciatus among baikal and palearctic amphipods

Among the great diverse of Baikal fauna of amphipods (more than 350 species and subspecies) Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing 1899) takes the special place. It is characterized by a high morphological variability and wide thermal-adaptive possibilities. By common opinion G. fasciatus is a thermophilic relict segregated from other Baikal temperature sensitive amphipods' fauna. In present study we tested hypothesis of segregated status of G. fasciatus among some Baikal and some Palearctic amphipods using of heat-shock proteins’ (HSP) molecular weight as comparative biomarkers. We used heat-shock proteins (HSP) from two families: HSP70 and small HSP (sHSP) immunochemically related to α-crystalline. 15 species of Baikal amphipods from different genera and families and 2 Palearctic species from genus Gammarus were tested. It was shown, that molecular weights of HSP70 were the same in all investigated species and corresponds close to 70 kD. In the contrast, the molecular weights of sHSP in G. fasciatus was 37 kD and differed from all other species, in which molecular weights of sHSP were 35 kD. In sum, this study showed that sHSPs molecular weights may relate to evolutional differences between the close related species. Additionally, obtained data can be taken as new indication of segregated status of thermophilic relict G. fasciatus which linked with its phylogenetic history in Lake Baikal

The Estimation of Impact of Water-soluble Fraction Crude Oil to Deep-water Baikal Amphipod Ommatogammarus carneolus melanophthalmus

The purpose of current work was to assess the effect of water-soluble oil fractions on survival, lactate content and heat shock proteins HSP70 in the deep-water Baikal amphipod - Ommatogammarus carneolus melanophthalmus. Amphipods were exposed for two days in solutions of water-soluble oil fractions at a concentration of 50 μg/L. During exposition time mortality of amphipods was not observed. Significant deviations from the control values for the studied biochemical parameters of O. carneolus melanophthalmus, were not detected. It can be explained by reduction of activity of stress-response mechanisms in deep-water amphipods due to adaptation to stable environmental conditions

Assessment of Actinobacteria Role in Activity of Deep-water Endemic Amphipod Species Belonging to the Genus Ommatogammarus

The aim of present study was to reveal the associations between the actinobacteria strains and Lake Baikal deep-water endemic amphipods. During the study forty-two actinobacteria strains were isolated from the amphipods belonging to the genus Ommatogammarus (O. albinus and O. flavus) which were caught from the depth 80 – 200 m. The analysis of part of the gene 16S rRNA revealed that obtained strains belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Pseudonocardia. The results of the investigation display that actinobacteria that produce antimicrobial compounds inhabit the organism of amphipods from the Ommatogammarus genus. It is assumed that actinobacteria might effect the metabolism of deep-water amphipod-scavengers. Besides, actinobacteria obtained from Lake Baikal endemic amphipods have potential pharmaceutical applications as the source of antibiotics. They also enlarge our understanding of relationships between microorganisms and endemic amphipods

The Impact of Experimental Hypoxia and Subsequent Normoxia on the Content of Some Ions and Markers of Physiological Stress-adaptation in Gastropod Species Lymnaea stagnalis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of hypoxia and subsequent normoxiaon the maintenance of respiratory pigment hemocyanin, total protein, lactate and some ions (Na +, K +, Ca2+, NH4+, Mg2+) in the mantle liquid in palaearctic gastropod species Lymnaea stagnalis. It was shown that short-term experimental hypoxia leads to the activation of the physiological mechanisms of stress adaptation in widespread Palaearctic eurybiotic gastropod species and does not lead to the activation of the stress-resistance mechanisms on the biochemical and molecular levels

Estimation of experimental cohabitation between Holarctic and Baikal Endemic Amphipods Species: G. lacustris against G. fasciatus

The aim of the present study was to estimate the cohabitation effect of two invasive amphipods species (Gammarus lacustris and Gmelinoides fasciatus) by the cellular stress markers such as activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and content of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Changes of antioxidant enzymes activity were shown in both amphipods species. It was observed that in G. lacustris cohabitation with other species led to the activation of all studied enzymes, whereas in G. fasciatus only peroxidase activity alteration was recorded. Notably, the activation of all studied enzymes was short-term. There were no changes of HSP70 content for both species. According to obtained data less sensitivity of G. fasciatus stress markers can be one of the key advantages for further successful distribution and adaptation to the new conditions

The Dynamics of Contents of the Total Protein, Haemocyanin and Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymes Under Condition of Acute Hyperthermia in Pulmonate Mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis

The dynamics of total protein’s and hemocyanin’s content in the hemolymph, as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) in pulmonate mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) under the impact of acute temperature stress were evaluated. It has been shown that the effect of acute thermal stress (30 °C) leads to activation of physiological mechanisms of stress resistance and has no influence on activity of the antioxidant enzymes in investigated population of molluscs

Haemolymph of Cold-Adapted Baikal Endemic Amphipods as a Promising Source for Screening of Novel Natural Products

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility to use Baikal endemic amphipods as a source for screening of novel natural products. Analysis of amphipod’s E. verrucosus hemolymph by HPLC-MS was performed for the first time. A number of natural products with new molecular mass for Baikal endemic macroinvertebrates were found. We found a compound as chrysin by comparison of MS1, MS2 profiles and molecular mass of natural products registered in Dictionary of Natural Products and MZ-cloud databases. Also, we found new compound with mass 493.80277 Da, circulating in the amphipod’s hemolymph

A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity to Heat Shock in Amphipods Gmelinoides fasciatus of Littoral Community of Lake Baikal and Thermal Springs

The aim of the current study was to comparative assessment of the antioxidant enzymes activity (peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) in endemic species Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) inhabitants of the littoral community of the Lake Baikal and the thermal spring under short term thermal stress. It was shown, that the exposure of G. fasciatus from different areas to acute temperature stress didn’t lead to changes in the activities of three key enzymes of the antioxidant system. However, it was found that the activity of glutathione S-transferase in the control animals of thermal springs population is higher than in animals of Lake Baikal. This can be determined by peculiarities of environment of different populations

The Particularities of Nonspecific Stress Resistance Mechanism Activation in Baikalian Endemic Amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebb, 1899) under Thermal Stress

The aim of the current study was to determine the characteristics of the stress response in endemic species Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebb., 1899) in comparison with other Baikal amphipods under short term thermal stress. It were shown the changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes, and lactate dehydrogenase correlated with content of lactate under the influence of gradual temperature increase. While the changes of cellular stress - markers content or their activity in other Baikal species occurred beyond the thermal preference zone, the cellular stress - markers content or their activity in G. fasciatus associated with entrance into the thermal preference zone. Thus we concluded that the relict endemic species G. fasciatus has a different stress resistance mechanism to elevated temperature than other Baikal amphipods species

The Estimation of the Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Representatives of Different Populations of Lymnaea stagnalis Differ in the Degree of Infestation Under Temperature Stress

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of effects of thermal stress and parasitic infestation on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) in different populations of wide-spread species of pulmonate mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis from water bodies with different levels of anthropogenic pollution in Belarus - unpolluted Narach Lake and polluted Chizhovsky reservoir. There are several differences were found under thermal stress exposition (35 °С). In non infected mollusсs of both populations the peroxidase activity decreased and activity of catalase increased. An activity of glutathione S-transferase increased in non infested mollusks that inhabit polluted Chizhovsky reservoir