Pituitary adenoma with calcifications: A case report

Pituitary adenomas and Rathke’s cleft cyst with calcification are rarely seen and craniopharyngioma still remains the common sellar suprasellar space occupying lesion with calcification. Presence of calcification is reported in pituitary adenoma in only 0.2% to 8% cases. The pituitary adenoma with calcification is a rare radiological finding and it must be distinguished from other lesions of the pituitary gland as the management and prognosis differs significantly. We report a case of a 29-year-old gentleman presented electively with the complaints of deterioration of vision for four months. CT-scan without contrast examination revealed pituitary adenoma with calcification. The patient underwent transsphenoidal resection and was discharged on third post-operative day. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma with calcification. Pituitary tumor presenting with evidence of calcification is an infrequent radiological finding and identification of pituitary adenomas with calcifications is essential as it guides towards medical and surgical management of the lesion

Effects of Fertilizers on Copper and Nickel Accumulation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables and Food Crops

Despite the fact that fertilizers have been used for millennia for sustainable crop production, this high and considerable dependence on fertilizers heightens environmental concerns with the indirect human exposure due to accumulation of toxins in food chain via soil contamination. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of fertilizers to the soil and their effect on the accumulation of copper and nickel in spinach (Spinacia oleracea), garlic (Allium sativum), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and barley (Hordeum vulgare); as well as potential health concerns associated with consuming vegetables cultivated on this contaminated land. Samples of available soil, food crops, and human blood were collected from three different Tehsils: Bhalwal, Sahiwal, and Silanwali and were regarded as site 1, site 2 and site 3 respectively. Urea, farmyard manure, and potassium chloride were delivered to Site 1; urea phosphate, manure, and ammonium sulphate were delivered to Site 2; and superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, and nitrate phosphate were delivered to Site 3. Data was subjected to statistical analysis for computing out ANOVA and correlation. Analysis revealed that minimum copper concentration was found in the soil of T. aestivum grown at Site-1 while the inhabitants of Site 3 had the highest concentration of Cu in their blood. The highest level of HIR was found in the human beings that ate the S. oleracea grown at Site 3. It is strongly advised that fertilizers be used sparingly, as their excessive use can cause human health risks

Scatter plot for Fe concentration in crops at S_1 vs S_2, S_1 vs S_3, and S_2 vs S_3.

Scatter plot for Fe concentration in crops at S_1 vs S_2, S_1 vs S_3, and S_2 vs S_3.</p

Bioconcentration factor (BCF), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) values at three sites (S_1, S_2, and S_3) and treatments (T_1, T_2, and T_3).

Bioconcentration factor (BCF), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) values at three sites (S_1, S_2, and S_3) and treatments (T_1, T_2, and T_3).</p

Scatter plot for Fe concentration in soil at S_1, S_2, and S_3.

Scatter plot for Fe concentration in soil at S_1, S_2, and S_3.</p

Fe (Fe concentrations in mgkg^-1) in soil at S_1, S_2 & S_3.

Fe (Fe concentrations in mgkg-1) in soil at S_1, S_2 & S_3.</p

Analysis of variance for Fe in soils and crops.

Analysis of variance for Fe in soils and crops.</p

Analysis of variance for Fe in water.

Analysis of variance for Fe in water.</p