Effects of Advertisement on Consumer’s Buying Behaviour with References to FMCGs in Southern Punjab-Pakistan

Advertisement is generally use for creating awareness and promoting products. It is controversial to measure how much advertisement attract the customers. The objective of this paper is to find out how much advertisement bring effect on the consumer’s buying behavior with reference to FMCGs. By using 5 point Likert scale with cross sectional data, 250 questionnaires were distributed in five cities of southern Punjab (Bahawalpur, Layyah, Tounsa, Bhakhar and Multan), as a sample, and received 231 complete questionnaires from respondents after field survey. With the help of Kirkpatrick model that contain one dependent and five independent variables, a conceptual framework was developed. Data was analyzed by using different statistical techniques such as descriptive statistic, Correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Results of our study are robust because the evidence shows that advertisements have significant impact on consumers’ buying behavior and their choices.

Impact of Innovation on the Performance of Employees

The main objective of this paper is to explore the effects of innovation types including product, process, marketing and organizational innovation on different aspects of firm performance and employees performance such as innovative, production, marketing and financial performance in Unilever Pakistan. Data were collected through survey questionnaires from 200 respondents mainly from production, R&D and marketing departments of manufacturing companies. With the help of SPSS, data were analyzed by factor, reliability, correlation, and regression analysis. The results reveal the positive effects o innovation types on employee’s performance. Theoretical and managerial implications along with limitations for future research have also been discussed. Keywords: Innovation types; firm performance; Unilever Pakista

Determination of the Role of Branch Managers in Promotion of Financial Innovations in Commercial Banks of Pakistan

The present study investigates the role of branch manager in promotion of financial innovation by analyzing  four big banks of Pakistan such as  United Bank Limited, Allied Bank Limited, Habib Bank Limited and Muslim Commercial Bank limited located  in three district of Punjab province Lahore, Multan and Vehari. Primary data was collected by using a Sampling technique. 200 respondents were selected randomly from these four banks through a structured questionnaire. The response rate is 100%. The objective of the study was to determine the role of manager in financial product innovations like mobile banking, ATMs, Credit card, Internet Banking, and Debit cards. Pearson’s correlation test is applied to measure relationship between variables. Results show that there is no relationship between the manager personality and the product innovation.  Keywords: innovations. Manager performance. Financial products

Capital Structure, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance in Pakistan

During the last two decades regulators and policy makers all over the world have emphasized on developing strong and effective corporate governance policies. It is agreed by the experts that a good corporate governance mechanism is the one which facilitates the access of additional capital for corporations, boosts competitiveness, develop financial markets and encourage economic activity. The objective of present study is to measure the effects of selected variables such as firm profitability, firm value, size and leverage on the performance of 69 non-financial sampling companies listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange. From our panel data FEM and REM analysis, it can be easily concluded that major characteristics of corporate governance are determined by firm’s profitability and its size. However, firm’s leverage and size have less effect on major attributes of corporate governance

Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Pakistan

The objective of this research study is to examine the impact of merger and acquisition on performance of banks. This study is basically a quantitative research to give an insight into the trends that has increased the merger and acquisition. An empirical investigation has been done to study the patterns of merger and acquisition in banking sector of Pakistan. Past studies focused mainly on the developed countries and there is less work done on merger and acquisition in less developed countries like Pakistan. For the purpose of data collection annual reports are used. To evaluate the effect of M&A on the profitability of banking sector of Pakistan data is collected from the KSE (Karachi stock exchange). The dependent variable is performance of bank and independent variable is merger and acquisition. Keywords: Banks, Performance, Return on Equity, Return on Assets

The Enigma of Wealth and Education as Determinant of Rural Poverty: A case study of District Rahim Yar Khan-Pakistan

This is an empirical study of which objective is to analyze major determinants of rural poverty particularly wealth and education by using micro survey. The data used in this study is primary and collected from various villages of District Rahim Yar Khan of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The selected variables are include:  age, family size, per capita income, marital status, gender, energy sources, fuel consumption, residence, health care facility, transportation, years of education, and wealth in terms of self as well as inherited. A sample of 300 households was collected and multivariate logistic regression approach was applied to estimate the parameters and enigma of wealth and education as determinant of rural poverty. To pursue the national or international poverty line Rs. 6000/- per month of each member of household is used as yardstick as per World Bank criteria mentioned in its Report 2014. The regression results show that almost all variables exists inverse relationship that means minor change in wealth and education will cause variation in rural poverty. Our empirical results shows that chance of household poverty increases due to increase of household size. Similarly, increase in primary as well as technical education will lead to decrease the level of poverty. The evidence also reveals that increase in personal wealth of rural households will also lead to decrease poverty rate but the person will remain poor in term of education. The evidence shows that proper use of wealth and dissemination education will substantially reduce poverty in the poor countries if the results of this study are generalized. Keywords: Determinants, Rural Poverty, Wealth, Education, Household, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab.

Analysis of Teaching Methods of English Language at Government Secondary School Level in D.G. Khan City-Pakistan

There are two basic purposes to conduct this study in D G Khan area i e to evaluate the methodology for teaching English language at secondary level in government school and to take the perspective from the students about the present teaching methodology of their teachers For this purpose we have selected six out of nine government secondary schools of both girls and boys three from each We have used simple random sampling technique for the collection of data and used inferential descriptive and one tailed test for the analysis of the data Total 300 students of both girls and boys Schools are included in the sample and thirty teachers at secondary level are included Two questionnaires one for teachers and the other for students were developed for data collection These questionnaires were distributed personally along with the permission letter so that we do not face any kind of difficulty for collecting data Results were analyzed SPSS software The finding of our study is that GTM is liked by the students of D G Khan and 80 percent of teachers are using in the classes which means this method is more convenient and popular among the teachers and the student

State Versus Free Market Capitalism: A Comparative Analysis

Capitalism has been dominating in the most part of the world and the countries have been adopted it due to its so-called efficiency and wealth maximization through joint stock companies and corporation. But the experience of last two centuries have highlighted fact that capitalism based on free market economy and no-government intervention and profit-maximization has generated severe income inequality, social segmentations and concentration of wealth in a few hands. These anomalies have made this system unattractive to some an extent and some economists have expressed pessimistic views about its validity in future. They are supporting state capitalism, which has been flourishing in different countries during last three decades.The objective of this paper is to analyze the controversies about capitalism in the light of facts and examine the possibility of the success of state capitalism. The author has used secondary data for the analysis and used descriptive techniques has been used to draw the results because this study is qualitative in nature. For analysis we describe the characteristics both economic systems and then compare them. The evidence shows that income inequality is increasing in western countries and it has become a serious issue in these societies. In contrast, state capitalism is flourishing particularly in East Asian economies and uplifting these economies and has posed a serious threat to free market capitalism. In fact, is a paradigm shift in world economy. Keywords: free Market capitalism, income inequality, state capitalis

Cost of High Employees Turnover Rate in Oil Refinery Industry of Pakistan

Employee’s turnover is the challenging issue for the organizations and has always negative impact on the organizations. When employees leave their company, it does not only reduce the performance of the organizations but lessen the productivity and profitability of the organizations as well. It also increases the management difficulties and hiring cost for the new people to fill the vacant positions and train them. It has been observed that employee turnover, especially in oil refinery industry of Pakistan, is becoming a problem which costs a lot of money, efforts and energy. This problem might be a major obstacle for HR professionals in formulation of their HR policies. Major factors involve in employees turn over include: performance appraisal system, organizational policies and their implementations, working environment, job growth, bosses behaviors, benefits, compensation, economic condition of the company and performance of the company, etc. This study aims to identify the cost on employee’s turnover in oil refineries of Pakistan and to suggest some employee retention strategies within the oil refineries of Pakistan. Data was collected mainly from secondary sources through the use of internet searching and downloading the research papers related to the topic of the paper. The author recommend that oil refineries of Pakistan need to review their policies to retain their valuable employees and save their cost on employees turnover. Keywords: Cost on employees turn over, Oil refineries of Pakistan, working environment, compensation

Impact of Small & Medium Enterprises on Poverty: A Case Study of Khanewal District-Pakistan

This paper seeks for a hypothetically sound and empirically validated justification of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) growth to serve as a strong base for the growth of the economy and having a dominant effect on the removal of poverty from the backward areas in Pakistan. Its role in the phase of growth is undeniable.  Research has been conducted to analysis it in the area of Khanewal. Collected data shown that contribution of small and medium enterprises is remarkable place in the removal of poverty and unemployment.   Also there is a significant role in raising level of income.  Policy should be adopted to increase its share in the economy. Key words: Small and Medium Enterprises, Poverty, Economic Development, Ordinary Least Squar