The effect of air distributor shapes at fish ponds on the dissolved oxygen in water

Fish is one of the most important sources of protein food. A part of protein shortage problem in developing countries especially Egypt could be solved by aquaculture. Aeration is widely used in fish culture and many types of aerators have been tested for effectiveness. The aim of this research is to find out the best air distributor shapes to supply fish ponds with the enough dissolved oxygen (concentration and saturation). To achieve this aim Seven forms of air distribution density was used in addition to Two different inter-holes diameters (1mm – 2mm) and Two different inter-holes distances (15cm – 30cm). This study was carried out during seasons 2014 inside a private farm located at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The results revealed that, the best shape of air distributors was big spiral shape (S1) as it achieved the highest bubbles free moving, distribution and diffusion on the pond and also significantly distance from sides or walls as well as air bubbles were away from each other

Obstacles to the Application of Total Quality Management in Jordanian Universities

This study aims at identifying Total Quality Management implementation obstacles in the Jordanian universities, and this from the point view of teaching staff. Also to figure-out the differences in the point view related to universities variables (Governmental universities and Private universities). The Study sample consisted of 480 teaching staff member. For the purpose of achieving the study objectives, a questionnaire was designed that contains 57 statement divided between five major fields related to (Administrative, Human Resources, Physical, Academic and Technical) obstacles. The results revealed that, there is obstacles related to the implementation of Total Quality Management especially which is related to physical and technical field. Also, the study revealed that there is a statistical difference between governmental universities and private universities, as the results indicated that governmental universities do face more obstacles comparing to private universities in relation to Total Quality Management implementation. Based on the previously mentioned, the study recommends of the necessity on providing sufficient financial and physical support by the universities` managements, in addition to the necessity of spreading Total Quality Management culture in the Jordanian universities, and to conduct periodical and continuous seminars and training to achieve Total Quality Management goals

The Impact of Employing Journal Writing on Enhancing the Jordanian Student Teachers' Attitudes Towards Journal Writing

This study aimed to investigate the impact of employing journal writing on improving the attitudes of the students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts\ UNRWA (FESA) towards using that method. Moreover, and how it is affected by student’ gender and study level.This study was carried out during the second semester of the academic year 2015/2016. The population of the study consisted of all the students of the faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts/UNRWA (FESA). On the other hand, the sample of the study was purposively selected and included all the students studying the Natural Sciences and the Methods of Teaching Social Science courses. Moreover, the total number of the sample was 98 male and female students. For the purpose of achieving the goals of the study, the scale of the attitudes towards journal writing was used. It is worth mentioning that the scale was adopted from Ambusaidi (2014) and consisted of 29 items. To ensure the validity of that scale, a group of experts in the field of education were requested to determine its content validity. In addition, Cronbach's Alpha measurement was utilized to assess its reliability. Furthermore, a focus group discussion that included 7 student teachers (intern teachers) was employed in order to collect data about the student teachers' point of views towards journal writing. Moreover, the quasi-experimental method and the one group pretest -posttest design were used in this study. Finally, SPSS software was adopted to analyze the data adequately.Comparing the performance of the students involved in this study  at the pre and post scales of the attitudes towards journal writing showed that there are differences of statistical significance at (0.05) level. This indicates that utilizing journal writing is effective in improving the students' attitudes towards it. Moreover, the results proved that there was no link between journal writing and the two variables, gender and the study level of the students. As a result, using journal writing is effective in improving the attitudes towards it in terms of both sexes and at all study levels. Furthermore, the students highlighted various advantages of journal writing and pointed out to some of the difficulties that faced them as they began to write journals. In this regard, the students denoted that they encountered a difficulty in writing the part concerned with reflection because they are unfamiliar with that method. Finally, the students stated some suggestions that may develop utilizing journal writing in the future. Keywords: journal writing, FESA, attitudes towards journal writing

Effect of Computer Animation via Movies on Biology Academic Achievement Among Students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts/ UNRWA

This study investigated the effect of computer animation via movies on biology academic achievement among students the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts/ UNRWA (FESA). Moreover, it investigated its effects on achieving higher and lower levels of thinking in biology. The population of the study consisted of all the students of the faculty of UNRWA Educational Sciences and Arts/ (FESA) enrolled in the Class teacher major for the year 2017-2018, the sample consisted of all 70 students enrolled in the biology course for the same year. A 40 items test was prepared to assess students’ academic achievement in biology as a whole, and their achievement of higher and lower levels of thinking in biology. To ensure the validity of that scale, a group of experts in the field of education were requested to determine its content validity. In addition, the Koderrchardson-20 (K, R-20) measurement was utilized to assess its reliability. Furthermore, the study adopted a pre-test post-test control group quasi-experimental design. Finally, SPSS software was adopted to analyze the data adequately. The findings of the study showed that there are differences of statistical significance at (0.05) level. This revealed that students taught with animation have higher achievement in biology than those taught with conventional method. The findings imply that animation had a positive effect on students’ achievement in biology on general, and on achieving the higher and lower levels in thinking in biology. It is recommended to use the computer animation via movies extensively in teaching university courses. Keywords: Computer animation via movies; Achievement; Higher levels of thinking; Lower levels of thinking, Body Systems; FESA

The Effect of a Project-Based Teaching Strategy on Enhancing Environmental Attitudes Among Students of the Faculty of Educational Science and Art

This study aimed at investigating the effect of a project-based teaching strategy on enhancing environmental attitudes among students of the Faculty of Educational Science and Art and how it is affected by students’ gender and GPA. The members of the study were (134) students enrolled in (3) sections (A,B & C) of the Environmental Education course in the second semester of the academic year 2013-2014. Section A with 56 students and section C with 48 students were randomly selected as the study sample, the two sections were randomly distributed to experimental and control groups. An environmental attitudes scale with (25) items was used in this study. The validity of the scale was verified by a panel of jury, while the reliability of the scale was calculated using Cronabach alpha for internal consistency that was equal to (0.922). The study results showed the following: • There is a statistically significant difference (α=0.05) on enhancing environmental attitudes among the Faculty of Educational Science and Art students in favor of the experimental group due to the project-based teaching strategy. • There is no effect of the interaction of a project-based teaching strategy and student\u27s gender on enhancing the environmental attitudes among the students of the Faculty of Educational Science and Art. • There is no effect of the interaction of a project-based teaching strategy and student\u27s G.P.A on enhancing the environmental attitudes among the students of the Faculty of Educational Science and Art. In light of these results, the researcher recommends using the project based-teaching strategy in higher education. The study also recommends conducting more research on using the project based-teaching strategy in other courses and variables

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens

Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is pathogenic strains of E. coli that are responsible for one of the most common bacterial diseases affecting poultry worldwide. This study was designed to determine the occurrence, antibiotic resistance profile, and antibiotic resistance genes of E. coli isolated from diseased and freshly dead broilers. Materials and Methods: In that context, a total of 200 broilers samples were examined by standard microbiological techniques for isolation of E. coli, and tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility against 15 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion method. In addition, E. coli isolates were screened by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of a number of resistance genes including aadA1 gene encodes streptomycin/neomycin, tetA encodes resistance to tetracycline, sul1 encodes sulfonamides, and β-lactamase encoding genes (blaTEM and blaSHV). Results: A total of 73 (36.5%) isolates were biochemically identified as E. coli strains. O78, O2, and O1 are the most prevalent serotypes detected. E. coli displayed a high resistance against penicillin (100%), followed by cefepime (95.8%) and a low resistance to norfloxacin (36.9%), and chloramphenicol (30%). Depending on the results of PCR, sul1 gene was the most predominant antibiotic resistant gene (87%) followed by blaTEM (78%), tetA genes (60%), and aadA (54%). However, blaSHV had the lowest prevalence (23%). Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated the importance of studies on APEC and antibiotic resistance genes in our region which associated with intensive poultry industry, aiming to acquire preventive measures to minimize losses due to APEC and associated multidrug-resistance and resistance genes that of high significance to the rational use of antibiotics in clinical and public health

ASSESSMENT OF CYTOTOXIC AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF Zygophyllum album AND Suaeda palastina EXTRACTS ON HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELL LINES

In this study, anticancer activity of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palastina extracts was evaluated. Dichloromethane, methanol and hot water were used as solvents for extraction. Results indicated that the highest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on human lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines was achieved by dichloromethane extracts of Z. album and S. palastina (70.48 μg/ml and 34.82 μg/ml respectively) compared to methanolic and hot water extracts. Furthermore, dichloromethane extracts of both plants had antiproliferative effect and highly cytotoxicity on human cancer cells. IC50 of Z. album was 27.74 μg/ml in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), while IC50 of S. palaestina was 30.76 μg/ml with no cytotoxic activity on normal cell lines. In conclusion, these results suggest that Z. album and S. palaestina could be a good candidate species as a natural source of anticancer agents

Glycated albumin and glycated albumin/ glycated haemoglobin ratio decrease with increasing BMI compared to Glycated haemoglobin in Type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract: Background: Obese T2DM patients are more prone to develop accelerated complications which burdens the global health systems with undue expenditure. Glycated haemoglobin (A1c) had been settled as a gold standard glycemic indicator though it's levels must be prudently interpreted in some patients. Glycatedalbumin (GA) as an alternative, intermediate glycemic indicator is gaining much attention. Aim: assessing the correlation of each of glycated albumin and glycated haemoglobin to body mass index (BMI) in T2DM patients Hypothesis: negative correlation existsbetween BMI & glycated albumin. Subjects and methods: Cross sectional study into which 62 participants-aged 25-60 years -who are T2DM on insulin were recruited at Suez Canal University hospital.None of them was smoker or known to be CLD or DKD patient, none was on regular statins, aspirin or metformin. All had normal CBC and albumin indices, they underwent thorough history taking & examination. anthropometric measurements namely body mass index (BMI) were taken.They were grouped into a non-obese group with BMI <25 Kg/m 2 & obese group whose BMI ≥25 Kg/m 2 , each with a sample size of 31 participants. FPG,PPPG, HbA1c, CBC, serum albumin, serum insulin and GA were analyzed.insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR. Results: GA was insignificantly lower in obese T2DM compared to non-obese (579.3 µmol/L vs 600.0 µmol/L,p-value = 0.631), while GA/HbA1c ratio was significantly low among obese compared to non-obese. (61.1 vs 66.8, p-value= 0.040). Also GA was insignificantly lower in obese with insulin resistance (615.0 ±177.5 µmol/L) than obese with no insulin resistance (550.0±148.2 µmol/L) and also lower than non-obese with insulin resistance (637.4±153.0 µmol/L).Similarly GA/HbA1c ratio was lower in obese with &without insulin resistance (mean 57.6 ±SD 12.8 & mean 64.1 ±SD 9.0 respectively) compared to GA/HbA1c ratio in non-obese with & without insulin resistance (mean 66.9 ±SD 11.0 & mean 66.7 ±SD 9.1 respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that care to be paid while interpreting GA levels in obese T2DM as GA and GA/HbA1c ratio are lower in this population. [Iman El -Sherif, Mohamed I. Shoeir, Mohamed M. Mohey El Din Awad, Amal Fathy and Seham Ahmed. Glycated albumin and glycated albumin/ glycated haemoglobin ratio decrease with increasing BMI compared to Glycated haemoglobin in Type 2 diabetes patients

Dynamics and within-host interaction of Theileria lestoquardi and T. ovis among naive sheep in Oman

Mixed species infections of Theileria spp. are common in nature. Experimental and epidemiological data suggest that mixed species infections elicit cross-immunity that can modulate pathogenicity and disease burden at the population level. The present study examined within-host interactions, over a period of 13 months during natural infections with two Theileria spp., pathogenic (T. lestoquardi) and non-pathogenic (T. ovis), amongst a cohort of naive sheep in Oman. In the first two months after exposure to infection, a high rate of mortality was seen among sheep infected with T. lestoquardi alone. However, subsequently mixed-infections of T. lestoquardi and T. ovis prevailed, and no further death occurred. The overall densities of both parasite species were significantly higher as single infection vs mixed infection and the higher relative density of pathogenic T. lestoquardi indicated a competitive advantage over T. ovis in mixed infection. The density of both species fluctuated significantly over time, with no difference in density between the very hot (May to August) and warm season (September to April). A high degree of genotype multiplicity was seen among T. lestoquardi infections, which increased with rising parasite density. Our results illustrate a potential competitive interaction between the two ovine Theileria spp., and a substantial reduction in the risk of mortality in mixed parasite infections, indicating that T. ovis confers heterologous protection against lethal T. lestoquardi infection