52 research outputs found
Unveiling the curtain of superposition: Recent gedanken and laboratory experiments
What is the true meaning of quantum superposition? Can a particle genuinely
reside in several places simultaneously? These questions lie at the heart of
this paper which presents an updated survey of some important stages in the
evolution of the three-boxes paradox, as well as novel conclusions drawn from
it. We begin with the original thought experiment of Aharonov and Vaidman, and
proceed to its non-counterfactual version. The latter was recently realized by
Okamoto and Takeuchi using a quantum router. We then outline a dynamic version
of this experiment, where a particle is shown to "disappear" and "re-appear"
during the time evolution of the system. This surprising prediction based on
self-cancellation of weak values is directly related to our notion of Quantum
Oblivion. Finally, we present the non-counterfactual version of this
disappearing-reappearing experiment. Within the near future, this last version
of the experiment is likely to be realized in the lab, proving the existence of
exotic hitherto unknown forms of superposition. With the aid of Bell's theorem,
we prove the inherent nonlocality and nontemporality underlying such pre- and
post-selected systems, rendering anomalous weak values ontologically real.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1707.0948
Black Hole Evaporation Entails an Objective Passage of Time
Time's apparent passage has long been debated by philosophers, with no
decisive argument for or against its objective existence. In this paper we show
that introducing the issue of determinism gives the debate a new, empirical
twist. We prove that any theory that states that the basic laws of physics are
time-symmetric must be strictly deterministic. It is only determinism that
enables time reversal, whether theoretical or experimental, of
anyentropy-increasing process. A contradiction therefore arises between
Hawking's argument that physical law is time-symmetric and his controversial
claim that black-hole evaporation introduces a fundamental unpredictability
into the physical world. The latter claim forcibly entails an intrinsic
time-arrow independent of boundary conditions. A simulation of a simple system
under time reversal shows how an intrinsic time arrow re-emerges, destroying
the time reversal, when even the slightest failure of determinism occurs. This
proof is then extended to the classical behavior of black holes. We conclude
with pointing out the affinity between time's arrow and its apparent passage.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Quantum Brain: A Recurrent Quantum Neural Network Model to Describe Eye Tracking of Moving Targets
A theoretical quantum brain model is proposed using a nonlinear Schroedinger
wave equation. The model proposes that there exists a quantum process that
mediates the collective response of a neural lattice (classical brain). The
model is used to explain eye movements when tracking moving targets. Using a
Recurrent Quantum Neural Network(RQNN) while simulating the quantum brain
model, two very interesting phenomena are observed. First, as eye sensor data
is processed in a classical brain, a wave packet is triggered in the quantum
brain. This wave packet moves like a particle. Second, when the eye tracks a
fixed target, this wave packet moves not in a continuous but rather in a
discrete mode. This result reminds one of the saccadic movements of the eye
consisting of 'jumps' and 'rests'. However, such a saccadic movement is
intertwined with smooth pursuit movements when the eye has to track a dynamic
trajectory. In a sense, this is the first theoretical model explaining the
experimental observation reported concerning eye movements in a static scene
situation. The resulting prediction is found to be very precise and efficient
in comparison to classical objective modeling schemes such as the Kalman
filter.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures submitted to Physical Review Letter
Time-Reversed EPR and the Choice of Histories in Quantum Mechanics
When a single photon is split by a beam splitter, its two `halves' can
entangle two distant atoms into an EPR pair. We discuss a time-reversed
analogue of this experiment where two distant sources cooperate so as to emit a
single photon. The two `half photons,' having interacted with two atoms, can
entangle these atoms into an EPR pair once they are detected as a single
photon. Entanglement occurs by creating indistinguishabilility between the two
mutually exclusive histories of the photon. This indistinguishabilility can be
created either at the end of the two histories (by `erasing' the single
photon's path) or at their beginning (by `erasing' the two atoms' positions).Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Presented at the Solvay Conference in Physics,
November 2001, Delphi, Greece. To be published in Quantum Computers and
Computing, 2002 and in the Proceedings of XXII Solvay Conference in Physics.
New York: World Scientific, 200
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