37 research outputs found
Uloga metalotionina u karcinomu dojke
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small cysteine-rich proteins involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Genes that encode the four isoforms of metallothioneins (MT1-M4) are located on chromosome 16q13. Strucutures of these four isoforms allow metallothioneins their various biological functions. Many studies have shown that MT plays an important role in carcinogenesis, tumour growth, its progression from local to metastatic disease and may contribute to resistence to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the fact that breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide it is important to better understand the biology of breast cancer. So, findings of MT could evenutally help as a prognostic tool and could lead to a possible new specific anti-cancer treatment.Metalotioneini su skupina proteina bogatih cisteinima koji su ukljuÄeni u mnoge fizioloÅ”ke i patoloÅ”ke procese. Geni koji kodiraju Äetiri izoforme metalotioneina locirani su na lokusu 16q13. Strukture ovih Äetiriju izoformi omoguÄuju metalotioneinima njihove razne bioloÅ”ke funkcije. Mnoge su studije pokazale da metalnotionein ima važnu ulogu u karcinogenezi, rastu tumora, njegovoj progresiji od lokalne prema metastatskoj bolesti te je povezan sa razvojem rezistencije na kemoterapiju i radioterapiju. Rak dojke jedan je od vodeÄih uzroka smrti u svijetu i važno je bolje razumijeti ulogu metalotioneina u razliÄitim podtipovima karcinoma dojke. Ovakvi podaci mogli bi pomoÄi kao prognostiÄki alat i voditi pronalasku novog specifiÄnog lijeÄenja karcinoma
Utjecaj biopsije sentinel limfnog Ävora nakon neoadjuvantnog sistemskog lijeÄenja na kliniÄki ishod bolesnica oboljelih od karcinoma dojke sa inicijalno pozitivnom aksilom
Introduction: After the consensus conference in St. Gallen and updated NCCN guidelines, we started doing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in May 2017, for breast cancer patients who achieve clinical axillary remission following neoadjuvant treatment. This studyās primary goal was to evaluate the clinical impact of SLNB after neoadjuvant therapy in the group mentioned above.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all neoadjuvant breast cancer patients from May 2016 until May 2018 at Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. Our preliminary results recorded the appearance of locoregional and distant recurrence.
Results: From 65 patients involved in this analysis, 48 patients were node-positive at the time of diagnosis, and 45.83% among those achieved complete pathological axillary remission. After the first postoperative year, there were no locoregional relapses nor statistically significant differences in the prevalence of distant recurrences, regardless of the extent of surgical procedure. However, results showed higher rates of locoregional and distant relapse for the group of patients that did not attain complete axillary remission.
Conclusion: SLNB is a reliable alternative to ALND for locoregional and overall disease control for breast cancer patients who achieve complete clinical axillary remission after preoperative systemic treatment. The clinical axillary lymph node status, after neoadjuvant therapy, is a more relevant prognostic factor than the clinical axillary lymph node status at the beginning of the treatment.Uvod: Nakon konsenzusa postignutog na konferenciji u St. Gallen-u i revizije NCCN-ovih smjernica za lijeÄenje karcinoma dojke, u svibnju 2017. godine u KliniÄkom BolniÄkom Centru Rijeka, biopsija sentinel limfnog Ävora uvedena je u kliniÄku praksu kirurÅ”kog lijeÄenja bolesnica oboljelih od karcinoma dojke koje su neoadjuvantnim lijeÄenjem postigle kliniÄku remisiju u aksili. Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja bila je evaluacija kliniÄkog utjecaja metode u gore navedenoj skupini pacijentica.
Metode: U ovu retrospektivnu analizu ukljuÄene su sve bolesnice oboljele od karcinoma dojke, lijeÄene u KBC Rijeka u period od svibnja 2016. do svibnja 2018., kod kojih je preoperativno provedeno sistemsko onkoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje. U prvoj postoperativnoj godini praÄena je pojava lokoregionalnog i sistemskog recidiva.
Rezultati: Äetrdeset i osam od sveukupno 65 bolesnica ukljuÄenih u analizu prezentiralo se je sa pozitivnim aksilarnim limfnim Ävorovima u vrijeme postavljanja dijagnoze, od kojih je 45.83% postiglo kompletnu patoloÅ”ku aksilarnu remisiju. Kod ove skupine pacijentica u prvoj postoperativnoj godini nije zabilježen niti jedan sluÄaj lokoregionalnog recidiva, niti statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika u pojavnosti udaljenih metastaza u korelaciji sa opsegom kirurÅ”kog zahvata u aksili. MeÄutim, u komparaciji sa ovom skupinom, kod bolesnica koje nisu postigle kompletnu aksilarnu remisiju zabilježene su viÅ”e stope i lokoregionalnog i distalnog recidiva.
ZakljuÄak: Biopsija sentinel limfnog Ävora je pouzdana alternativa aksilarnoj disekciji za postizanje lokoregionalne kontrole i kontrole bolesti uopÄe, kod bolesnica oboljelih od karcinoma dojke koje neoadjuvantnim sistemskim lijeÄenjem postignu kompletnu kliniÄku aksilarnu remisiju. Odgovor aksilarnih limfnih Ävorova na neoadjuvantno lijeÄenje važniji je prognostiÄki Äimbenik od statusa limfnih Ävorova na poÄetku lijeÄenja
The role of the pathologist in diagnosis and therapy of the breast cancer patients
HistopatoloÅ”ke znaÄajke karcinoma dojke ukljuÄuju brojne podatke koji su neophodni za daljnji odabir terapije pacijentica, stoga oni moraju biti jasni, nedvojbeno navedeni i pouzdani. Osim tradicionalnih podataka o invaziji, metastatskom potencijalu i odgovoru na terapiju, sve viÅ”e informacija o prognostiÄkim i prediktivnim Äimbenicima koji utjeÄu na terapiju pacijentica daju i genetska istraživanja na temelju kojih su tumori prema ekspresiji odreÄenih gena stratificirani u podtipove.Histopathological features of breast cancer include numerous details that are essential for the further choice of patientās therapy because it must be clear, unambiguously stated and reliable. In addition to traditional data on invasion, metastasis and response to therapy more information on prognostic and predictive factors that affect the treatment provide patients and genetic research on the basis of which tumors according to the expression of certain genes in the stratified subtypes
Operabilni invazivni karcinom dojke u eri konzervativne kirurgije; retrospektivna analiza 5-godiŔnjeg preživljenja i kontrole bolesti
Background: Following breast cancer treatment recommendations, the conservative approach is accepted and highly respected in the Clinical Hospital Center (CHC) Rijeka. However, we have found that institutional follow-up data are lacking. This retrospective analysis aims to update institutional data on survival and disease control rates.
Methods: From 2011 till 2014, 915 breast cancer patients underwent surgery at CHC Rijeka, and 615 were included in this analysis. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the analysis.
Results: All patients were female, and the average age was 59 years. In the 5-year postoperative period, local, regional, and distant recurrence-free survival rates and overall survival and disease-free survival were calculated. All rates negatively correlate with a higher T and N status and a higher stage of the disease. The analysis has also demonstrated that in the pT1-3 pN0-1 subgroup, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was not inferior to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in terms of locoregional control of disease and overall survival.
Conclusion: Besides updating institutional data, the analysis confirmed that overall survival and locoregional control of the disease in the upfront-surgery patients are similar between pN0 and pN1 subpopulations and between pN2 and pN3, but statistically significantly different between pN0-1 and pN2-3. Currently ongoing, prospective observational multicenter clinical trial aims to translate the significance of these results into the neoadjuvant era.Uvod: Temeljem suvremenih preporuka za lijeÄenje karcinoma dojke, u KliniÄkom bolniÄkom centru (KBC) Rijeka prihvaÄa se i zagovara konzervativni kirurÅ”ki pristup. MeÄutim, na razini naÅ”e institucije, ali i na nacionalnom nivou, malo je obraÄenih rezultata lijeÄenja. Cilj ove retrospektivne analize je ažuriranje institucionalnih podataka o preživljenju i kontroli
bolesti.
Metode: U periodu od 2011. do 2014. godine, u KBC Rijeka operirano je 915 pacijentica oboljelih od karcinoma dojke, a njih 615 ukljuÄeno je u ovu analizu. Istraživanje je odobreno od EtiÄkog povjerenstva KBC Rijeka.
Rezultati: Sve su pacjentice bile žene, prosjeÄno stare 59 godina. IzraÄunate su ukupne stope preživljenja bez lokalnog, regionalnog i udaljenog recidiva, te stope ukupnog preživljenja i preživljenja bez povrata bolesti u petogodiÅ”njem postoperativnom periodu. Sve su stope u negativnoj korelaciji sa viÅ”im T i N statusom kao i viÅ”im stadijem bolesti. Osim navedenog, rezultati su potvrdili da je biopsija sentinel limfnog Ävora ekvivalentna aksilarnoj disekciji u smislu lokoregionalne kontrole bolesti kao i ukupnog petogodiÅ”njeg preživljenja u pT1-3 pN0-1 podskupini.
ZakljuÄak: Osim ažuriranja podataka naÅ”e institucije, ova je analiza potvrdila da su stope preživljenja i lokoregionalne kontrole bolesti u eri primarnog kirurÅ”kog tretmana sliÄne izmeÄu pN0 i pN1 subpopulacija kao i meÄu pN2 i pN3, meÄutim statistiÄki znaÄajno razliÄite izmeÄu pN0-1 I pN2-3 podskupina. Prospektivno, opservacijsko, multicentriÄno kliniÄko istraživanje koje je u tijeku pokuÅ”ava istražiti znaÄenje ovih rezultata u neoadjuvantoj eri
Aksilarnu limfadenektomiju trebalo bi izostaviti kod bolesnica sa karcinomom dojke i minimalnom rezidualnom bolesti u sentinel limfnom Ävoru nakon neoadjuvantnog sistemskog lijeÄenja
Background: In modern breast cancer management, SLNB is a standard of care. For the patients with limited sentinel lymph node involvement in the upfront surgery setting, ALND can be safely omitted. However, for any sentinel node metastasis detected following neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST), ALND is still considered a mandatory procedure.
Patients and methods: Present retrospective analysis has included all breast cancer patients submitted to surgery following NST in Clinical Hospital Centre (CHC) Rijeka in the period from 2017 till 2020.
Results: SLNB was performed in 151 of 222 consecutive patients, and sentinel node metastasis was detected in 49 cases. The risk of non-sentinel lymph node involvement in sentinel node-positive patients was 34.7%, but exclusively for cases with macro-metastatic disease detected in the sentinel node. In addition, for the patients diagnosed with clinically uninvolved axilla, the risk of ypN2-3 status was only 2.8%.
Conclusions: ALND following NST is overtreatment in 65.3% of sentinel node-positive patients. Axillary irradiation with the omission of ALND should be considered for the sentinel-positive patients with only micro-metastatic disease detected in the sentinel node following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as well as for those with low volume macro metastatic disease, diagnosed with the uninvolved axilla.Uvod: U modernom kirurÅ”kom pristupu lijeÄenja kacinoma dojke SLNB je univerzalno prihvaÄeni standard. Izostavljanje ALND, u sluÄajevima sa metastazom pronaÄenom u do dva sentinel limfna Ävora, ne utjeÄe na onkoloÅ”ke ishode kod primarno kirurÅ”ki lijeÄenih pacijentica, MeÄutim, svaka metastaza detektirana u sentinel limfnom Ävoru nakon provedenog neoadjuvantnog sistemskog lijeÄenja joÅ” uvijek se smatra apsolutnom indikacijom za ALND.
Pacijenti i metode: Sve pacijentice operirane zbog karcinoma dojke u KliniÄkom BolniÄkom Centru (KBC) Rijeka nakon provedene neoadjuvantne kemoterapije, u periodu od 2017. do 2020., ukljuÄene su u ovu retrospektivnu analizu.
Rezultati: SLNB je uÄinjena kod 151 od 222 uzastopne pacijentice, a metastaza u sentinel Ävoru pronaÄena je u 49 sluÄajeva. Rizik metastatske bolesti u ne-sentinel limfnim Ävorovima kod sentinel-pozitivnih pacijentica je 34.7%, meÄutim iskljuÄivo u sluÄajevima sa makrometastazom u sentinel Ävoru. Nadalje, kod skupine pacijenica dijagnosticiranih sa kliniÄki i radioloÅ”ki negativnom aksilom, rizik od ypN2-3 statusa je samo 2.8%
ZakljuÄak: Nakon neoadjuvantne kemoterapije ALND je overtreatment u 65.3% sentine-pozitivnih pacijentica. Izostavljanje ALND uz zraÄenje aksile nakon provedenog neoadjuvantnog lijeÄenja je opcija koju bi trebalo razmotriti za sentinelpozitivne bolesnice sa mikro-metastazom u sentinel Ävoru, kao i za bolesnice sa malim volumenom makrometastatske bolesti u sentinel limfnim Ävorovima, a koje su inicijalno dijagnosticirane sa kliniÄki negativnom aksilom
Concordance of estimated residual tumor size by magnetic resonance imaging and pathohistologic findings in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Cilj. Cilj istraživanja je procijeniti podudarnost veliÄine rezidualnog tumora, izmjerene magnetskom rezonancijom (MR) i patohistoloÅ”kom dijagnostikom (PHD) u pacijentica s karcinomom dojke nakon provedene neoadjuvantne kemoterapije (NAK) te procijeniti moguÄi utjecaj ypT stadija tumora na nepodudarnost veliÄina izmjerenih navedenim metodama. Ispitanici i metode: U retrospektivno istraživanje ukljuÄeno je 50 pacijentica. UkljuÄni kriterij su pacijentice kod kojih je uÄinjen operativni zahvat uz prethodno proveden NAK karcinoma dojke, na Å”to je odgovor praÄen s najmanje dva MR pregleda. VeliÄina tumora na MR-u usporeÄena je s veliÄinom na PHD-u (zlatni standard) pomoÄu regresijske analize Passing-Bablok te je izraÄunat njihov koeficijent korelacije. Analizirana su sva odstupanja i podudarnosti veliÄine, kao i eventualni utjecaj ypT stadija tumora na razliku izmeÄu dviju metoda. Razlika od Ā± 0,5 cm u veliÄini tumora procijenjenih slikovnom metodom i u PHD nalazu smatrale su se podudarnima veliÄinama. Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost veliÄine rezidualnog tumora na MR-u iznosila je 19,1 Ā± 17,71 mm, dok je na PHD-u iznosila 16,87 Ā± 18,19 mm. IzraÄunati r koeficijent korelacije iznosi 0.64 (p < 0.001). Provedenom analizom potvrÄeno je da nema znaÄajne razlike izmjerenih veliÄina tumora na MR-u i PHD-u (p = 0.552) te se metode mogu smatrati podudarnima. Nije uoÄena statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika u ovisnosti o ypT stadiju tumora koja bi utjecala na nepodudarnost veliÄina. ZakljuÄci: MeÄu dvjema metodama nema konstantnog niti proporcionalnog odstupanja u mjerenjima te se metode mogu smatrati podudarnim. MR dojke je dobra metoda za procjenu veliÄine rezidualnog tumora dojke kod pacijentica koje su podvrgnute neoadjuvantnoj kemoterapiji usporedno s PHD-om (zlatni standard).Aim: The goal of this study is to evaluate the concordance between residual tumour size measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathohistological findings in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and operative procedure, and if any pathohistological features may affect that agreement. Respondents and methods: Fifty patients with breast cancer were retrospectively evaluated. Patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before the operative procedure, and were assessed with at least two MRI examinations, where included in this study. The primary tumour size measured by MRI was compared with pathohistological findings, which was considered as the gold standard. All differences and size correspondence were analyzed as well as the possible influence of ypT stage of tumour between the two methods. Results: The mean value of residual tumour size on MRI was 19,2 Ā± 17,71 mm, while on pathohistological findings it was 16,87 Ā± 18,29 mm. A calculated correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.64 (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between two methods for measuring residual tumour size (p = 0.552), as well as a statistically significant influence of ypT stage on measuring, so these methods may be considered to be concordant. Conclusions: There is neither a constant nor a proportional deviation in the measurements between the two methods, so these methods can be considered concordant. Breast MRI is a reliable method for estimating residual tumour size in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy in comparison to pathology
Prognostic value of invasive tumor front grading in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity
hrcak.srce.hr/medicina 408 medicina fluminensis 2016, Vol. 52, No. 3, p. 408-414 Sažetak. Cilj: Utvrditi gradus invazivne tumorske fronte (GITF) u karcinomu ploÄastih stanica usne Å”upljine (KPSUÅ ), usporediti ga s tradicionalnim histoloÅ”kim gradusom te ispitati prognostiÄku vrijednost obaju naÄina gradiranja. Materijali i metode: Na HE-obojanim mikroskopskim preparatima 86 KPSUÅ -a, odstranjenim na Klinici za maksilofacijalnu kirurgiju KBC-a Rijeka, odreÄen je gradus invazivne tumorske fronte i ispitana njegova povezanost s kliniÄkopatoloÅ”kim prognostiÄkim parametrima kao Å”to su patoloÅ”ki T stadij (pT stadij), patoloÅ”ki N stadij limfnih Ävorova (pN stadij), kliniÄki stadij bolesti (TNM stadij) te dužina preživljavanja pacijenata. Podatci o tradicionalnom histoloÅ”kom gradusu dobiveni su iz patohistoloÅ”kog nalaza. Rezultati: Tradicionalni histoloÅ”ki gradus nije bio znaÄajno povezan s kliniÄkim parametrima niti preživljavanjem pacijenata (P = 0,906). Visoki GITF bio je povezan s pozitivnim limfnim Ävorovima (P = 0,006) i kliniÄkim stadijem bolesti (P = 0,025), dok s patoloÅ”kim T stadijem nije dobivena statistiÄka povezanost (P = 0,086). U univarijatnoj analizi visoki GITF bio je povezan s kraÄim preživljavanjem pacijenata (P = 0,001), a u multivarijatnoj analizi se pokazao prognostiÄkim Äimbenikom (P = 0,006). Za pojedinaÄne parametre koji odreÄuju GITF poput upalnog infiltrata, naÄina invazije te stupnja keratinizacije takoÄer je utvrÄena prognostiÄka vrijednost u univarijatnoj (P < 0,001, P = 0,013, tj. P = 0,009) i multivarijatnoj analizi. ZakljuÄak: GITF ima veÄu prognostiÄku vrijednost u odnosu na tradicionalni histoloÅ”ki gradus. Njegovo odreÄivanje može pomoÄi u prepoznavanju pacijenata s veÄim rizikom za povrat bolesti nakon kirurÅ”kog odstranjenja tumora, kojima bi koristile dodatne metode lijeÄenja.Aim: To establish invasive tumor front grade (ITFG) in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OCSCC), compare it with traditional histological grade and to investigate the prognostic value of both. Materials and methods: The whole tumor-tissue sections, stained with HE of 86 OCSCC cases were evaluated for the invasive tumor front grade and compared with the clinicopathological prognostic parameters such as pathological stage (pT stage), pathological lymph node stage (pN stage), clinical stage (TNM stage) and length of survival of patients. Tissue has been disposed at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Rijeka. Data of traditional histological grade were obtained from previous histological findings. Results: Traditional histological grade was not significantly associated with clinical parameters or survival of patients (P = 0.906). High ITFG was associated with positive lymph nodes (P = 0.006) and clinical stage of disease (P = 0.025), but not to pathological T stage (P = 0.086). In univariate analysis high ITFG was associated with shorter survival of patients (P = 0.001), and multivariate analysis showed it as the independent prognostic factor (P = 0.006). For individual parameters that determine ITFG like inflammatory infiltrate, way of invasion and degree of keratinization was also established statistically significant prognostic value in univariate (P < 0.001, P = 0.013, i.e., P = 0.009) and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: ITFG has greater prognostic value than the traditional histological grade. Determination of ITFG may help identify patients with a higher risk of disease recurrence after surgical removal of the tumor, which would use additional methods of treatment
Utjecaj biopsije sentinel limfnog Ävora nakon neoadjuvantnog sistemskog lijeÄenja na kliniÄki ishod bolesnica oboljelih od luminal B, HER-2 pozitivnog i trostruko negativnog karcinoma dojke sa inicijalno metastatski zahvaÄenim aksilarnim limfnim Ävorovima : Protokol prospektivnog, nerandomiziranog, opservacijskog kliniÄkog istraživanja
Background: Upon St. Gallen consensus conference (1) and updated version of NCCN guidelines (2) from 2017, in May 2017 in Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was introduced in clinical practice for axillary staging of breast cancer patients that achieved complete clinical axillary remission after neoadjuvant systemic oncologic treatment.
This trial aims to evaluate the clinical impact of SLNB performance after neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NAST) in initially node-positive breast cancer patients and to determine the prognostic value of the axillary complete pathological response.
Patients and Methods: Breast cancer patients in clinical stage T1-T3 N0-N2 M0, surgically treated in our institution from September 2018 till May 2022 would be included in this trial and divided into three groups according to protocol. SLNB would be performed in all patients presenting with cN0 stage at the time of surgery, including those patients who shift from cN1-N2 to cN0 during NAST. All patients involved in this trial would be monitored for five postoperative years
in order to determine following parameters: rates of local and regional recurrence, rate of disease progression to M1 stage, regional recurrence-free survival, disease progression-free survival, cancer related mortality rate, and overall survival.
Results: Results gained from this trial would be compared among groups and with our previous data of patients in equivalent stage treated in period from 2011 till 2014 when all patients were primary surgically treated, therefore axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed for all node-positive patients.
Conclusion: Hopefully, the results of this trial would provide enough evidence that SLNB performance after NAST does not have a negative impact on clinical outcome in breast cancer patients who had reached complete clinical axillary remission. In addition, we would try to determine the prognostic value of the axillary complete pathologic response.
ClinicalTrials.gov: This protocol has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT03719833
Abbreviations: SLNB=sentinel lymph node biopsy, ALND=axillary lymph node dissection, NAST=neoadjuvant systemic treatment, US=ultrasound, MRI= magnetic resonance imaging, RRR=regional recurrence rate, RRFS=regional recurrence- free survival, DFS=disease free survival, CSMR=cancer specific mortality rate, OS=overall survivalUvod: Temeljem konsenzusa konferencije u St. Gallen-u i revidiranih NCCN-ovih smjernica za lijeÄenje raka dojke iz 2017., u svibnju iste godine u KBC-u Rijeka biopsija sentinel limfnog Ävora (SLNB) uvedena je u kliniÄku praksu kao metoda izbora procjene aksilarnog stadija za bolesnice oboljele od karcinoma dojke sa inicijalno zahvaÄenom aksilom, a koje su neoadjuvantnim sistemskim lijeÄenjem (NAST) postigle kompletnu kliniÄku aksilarnu remisiju.
Kako bi evaluirali utjecaj izvoÄenja SLNB nakon NAST na ishod lijeÄenja kod spomenute skupine pacijentica i pokuÅ”ali objektivizirati prognostiÄki znaÄaj kompletnog patoloÅ”kog aksilarnog odgovora (pCR) osmislili smo protokol prospektivnog opservacijskog kliniÄkog istraživanja.
Pacijenti i metode: U istraživanje Äe biti ukljuÄene bolesnice oboljele od karcinoma dojke u stadiju T1-T3 N0-N2 M0, kirurÅ”ki lijeÄene u KBC Rijeka u periodu od rujna 2018. do svibnja 2022. Iste Äe biti podijeljene u tri grupe u skladu sa definiranim protokolom. SLNB Äe se uÄiniti kod svih bolesnica koje se preoperativno prezentiraju u stadiju cN0, ukljuÄujuÄi i bolesnice koje su se neoadjuvantnim lijeÄenjem konvertirale iz stadija cN1-N2 u stadij cN0. U petogodiÅ”njem postoperativnom periodu pratit Äe se pojavnost lokalnog i regionalnog recidiva, progresije bolesti u M1 stadij, smrtnost od karcinoma i
sveukupno preživljenje.
Rezultati: Rezultati Äe se usporedit izmeÄu skupina definiranih protokolom ovog istraživanja te sa rezultatima skupina bolesnica ekvivalentnog stadija bolesti lijeÄenih u periodu od 2011. do 2014. kada su bolesnice bile primarno kirurÅ”ki lijeÄene, odnosno kada je svim bolesnicama sa inicijalno pozitivnim aksilarnim limfnim Ävorovima standardno uÄinjena aksilarna disekcija (ALND).
ZakljuÄak: Dobivenim rezultatima želimo potvrditi osnovnu hipotezu ovog istraživanja; da procedura SLNB nakon NAST nema negativan utjecaj na ishod lijeÄenja kod bolesnica sa inicijalno pozitivnom aksilom koje su preoperativnom sistemskom terapijom postigle remisiju bolesti u aksili. Uz navedeno pokuÅ”at Äemo odrediti prognostiÄki znaÄaj downstaging- a aksile neoadjuvantnim lijeÄenjem. ClinicalTrial.gov: Protokol istraživanja je registriran i javno dostupan na stranicama
www.clinicaltrials.gov (ID:NCT03719833
Connection between invasive breast cancer characteristics and adipose tissue quantity and distribution in postmenopausal women
Cilj: Procijeniti utjeÄu li koliÄina i distribucija masnog tkiva na karakteristike i agresivnost karcinoma dojke u postmenopauzalnih žena.
Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 70 postmenopauzalnih žena s invazivnim karcinomom dojke. Bolesnicama su u trenutku postavljanja dijagnoze uzete antropometrijske mjere (tjelesna visina-TV, tjelesna masa-TM, opseg struka-OS, opseg bokova-OB) te su izraÄunati pridruženi indeks tjelesne mase (ITM) i waist hip ratio (WHR). Iz patohistoloÅ”kih nalaza prikupili su se podaci o karakteristikama tumora: veliÄina, histoloÅ”ki gradus, ekspresija estrogenskih (ER) i progesteronskih receptora (PR), HER2 i Ki67 te imunohistokemijski tip tumora.
Rezultati: Bolesnice su bile prosjeÄne dobi 65 godina (42-86), TV 164,8Ā±7,0 cm, TM 75,6Ā±14,5 kg, ITM 27,9Ā±5,3 kg/m2, OS 90,5Ā±12,4 cm, OB 107,6Ā±11,7 cm, WHR 0,84Ā±0,07. Raspodjelom u skupine s obzirom na pridruženi ITM, uz pomoÄ hi-kvadrat testa dokazala se statistiÄki znaÄajno veÄa pojavnost estrogen pozitivnih (n=41, 91,1% vs n=18, 72,0%; P=0,037), progesteron pozitivnih (n=38, 84,4% vs n=11, 44,0%; P25 kg/m2). Nadalje, raspodjelom prema OS dokazala se statistiÄki znaÄajno ÄeÅ”Äa pojavnost estrogen pozitivnih (n=52, 88,1% vs n=7, 63,6%; P=0,042), progesteron pozitivnih (n=45, 76,3% vs n=4, 36,4%; P=0,008) i luminal A karcinoma dojke (n=17, 28,8% vs n=0, 0%; P=0,042) te statistiÄki znaÄajno rijeÄa pojavnost trostruko negativnih karcinoma dojke (n=1, 1,7% vs n=2, 18,2%; P=0,014) u skupini s OS>80 cm.
ZakljuÄci: S koliÄinom masnog tkiva raste stupanj ekspresije progesterona i estrogena. Potonje bi se moglo objasniti porastom ekspresije aromataze u masnom tkivu.Aim: To investigate a potential connection between breast cancer characteristics and adipose tissue quantity and distribution in postmenopausal women.
Patients and methods: The study included 70 postmenopausal women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Overall anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference-WC, hip circumference-HC, body mass index-BMI, waist hip ratio-WHR) and pathohistological data (tumor size, histological grade, estrogen-ER receptor, progesterone-PR receptor, HER2 and Ki67 expression, immunohistochemical tumor type) were collected.
Results: Average age was 65 years (42-86), height 164,8Ā±7,0 cm, weight 75,6Ā±14,5 kg, BMI 27,9Ā±5,3 kg/m2, WC 90,5Ā±12,4 cm, HC 107,6Ā±11,7 cm, WHR 0,84Ā±0,07. Estrogen positive (n=41, 91,1% vs n=18, 72,0%; P=0,037), progesterone positive (n=38, 84,4% vs n=11, 44,0%; P25 kg/m2 group. Moreover, estrogen positive (n=52, 88,1% vs n=7, 63,6%; P=0,042), progesterone positive (n=45, 76,3% vs n=4, 36,4%; P=0,008) and luminal A breast cancers (n=17, 28,8% vs n=0, 0%; P=0,042) were significantly more frequent in patients with WC>80 cm, while there was also a significantly lower number of triple negative breast cancers in the latter group (n=1, 1,7% vs n=2, 18,2%; P=0,014).
Conclusions: PR and ER expression positively correlates with adipose tissue quantity, most probably due to higher expression of aromatase
Prognostic value and relationship between osteopontin expression and morphology of invasive tumor front in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity
Ciljevi istraživanja: Karcinom ploÄastih stanica usne Å”upljine (KPSUÅ ) peti je po uÄestalosti meÄu zloÄudnim tumorima, karakteriziran visokom uÄestaloÅ”Äu lokoregionalnog povrata bolesti. BuduÄi da standardni prognostiÄki pokazatelji ne daju pouzdane informacije o bioloÅ”kom ponaÅ”anju tumora i moguÄnosti povrata bolesti traga se za novim markerima koji bi mogli imati prognostiÄku i terapijsku vrijednost. Osteopontin (OPN) je multifunkcionalni protein koji je nedavno predložen kao prognostiÄki marker u viÅ”e tipova tumora. OPN sudjeluje u interakciji tumorskih stanica i njihovog mikrookoliÅ”a koja igra kljuÄnu ulogu u progresiji i metastaziraju tumora i odražava se na morfologiju tumora u podruÄju invazivne tumorske fronte. Tumoru pridruženi makrofagi smatraju se kljuÄnom sastavnicom tumorskog mikrookoliÅ”a koja može imati razliÄit utjecaj na rast i metastaziranje tumora.
Cilj naÅ”eg istraživanja bio je utvrditi da li poveÄana ekspresija OPN-a ima ulogu u progresiji KPSUÅ -a te da li je povezana s morfologijom, odnosno gradusom invazivne tumorske fronte (GITF-om). TakoÄer, željeli smo ispitati prognostiÄku vrijednost sadržaja makrofaga u tumorskom mikrookoliÅ”u te njegov odnos prema ekspresiji osteopontina.
Ispitanici i metode: U studiju je ukljuÄeno 86 bolesnika kojima je u periodu od 2000.-2007. godine dijagnosticiran KPSUÅ na Klinici za maksilofacijalnu i oralnu kirurgiju, KBC-a Rijeka. Tkivne mikroaree tumora obojane su imunohistokemijskom metodom pomoÄu protutijela koja prepoznaju OPN, Ki67 marker proliferacije te CD68 marker makrofaga i analizirane uz pomoÄ raÄunalnog programa. Ekspresija osteopontina i sadržaj makrofaga u tumoru usporeÄeni su sa standardnim prognostiÄkim parametrima i preživljavanjem bolesnika te s Ki67 proliferacijskim indeksom. Na cjelovitim histoloÅ”kim rezovima obojanim s hemalaun-eozinom odreÄen je GITF i usporeÄen s kliniÄkopatoloÅ”kim parametrima i ekspresijom osteopontina u tumoru.
Rezultati: Ekspresija OPN-a u tumorskim stanicama (t-OPN) znaÄajno je viÅ”a u odnosu na epitel nepromijenjene sluznice (p<0.001). Porast ekspresije t-OPN-a praÄen je porastom ekspresije OPN-a u stromalnom odjeljku tumora (s-OPN) (p=0.023) te udružen s viÅ”im N stadijem (p=0.045) i TNM stadijem (p=0.033). ViÅ”i GITF udružen je s N stadijem (p=0.006) i TNM stadijem (p=0.025) te s viÅ”om ekspresijom t-OPN-a u povrÅ”inskom dijelu tumora (p=0.038). U univarijatnoj analizi viÅ”a ekspresija t-OPN-a (p=0.022) i viÅ”i GITF (p=0.003) udruženi su s kraÄim preživljenjem bolesnika. U multivarijatnoj analizi usporedbom sa standardnim prognostiÄkim pokazateljima ekspresija t-OPN-a se pokazala nezavisnim prediktivnim Äimbenikom preživljenja (p=0.048). UkljuÄivanjem GITF-a u multivarijatnu analizu ekspresija t-OPN-a gubi status nezavisnog prediktivnog Äimbenika (p=0.085), dok ga GITF pokazuje (p<0.001). Ekspresija t-OPN-a nije bila udružena s tradicionalnim histoloÅ”kim gradusom (p=0.260), proliferacijskim indeksom (p=0.145) niti sa sadržajem makrofaga u tumoru (p=0.904). Ekspresija s-OPN-a i sadržaj makrofaga u tumoru nisu bili udruženi s prognostiÄkim parametrima preživljenjem bolesnika. Bolesnici s visokom ekspresijom t-OPN-a i visokim sadržajem makrofaga u tumoru živjeli su znaÄajno kraÄe u odnosu na one s niskim pojedinaÄnim ili oba parametra (p=0.014).
ZakljuÄak: PoveÄana ekspresija OPN-a kao pojedinaÄni parametar te udružena s visokim sadržajem makrofaga može poslužiti kao Äimbenik predviÄanja loÅ”e prognoze, odnosno kraÄeg preživljavanja bolesnika s KPSUÅ -om. Gradus ITF-e takoÄer predviÄa tijek bolesti i ima veÄu vrijednost u odnosu na tradicionalni histoloÅ”ki gradus. OdreÄivanje ovih parametara u patohistoloÅ”koj dijagnostici karcinoma ploÄastih stanica usne Å”upljine omoguÄuje prepoznavanje skupine bolesnika s veÄim rizikom za povrat bolesti kojima bi koristile dodatne metode lijeÄenja.Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (SCCOC) is the fifth most common among malignant tumors, characterized by a high incidence of locoregional recurrence. Since the standard prognostic indicators do not provide reliable information on the biological behavior of the tumor and the possibility of recurrence, the search for new markers that may have prognostic and therapeutic value is needed. Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that has recently been proposed as a prognostic marker in multiple tumor types. It is involved in the interaction of tumor cells and their microenvironment, which plays a key role in the tumor progression and metastasis and is reflected in the morphology of the tumor in the area of invasive tumor front. Tumor associated macrophages are considered to be a key component of the tumor microenvironment, which can have a different impact on the growth and metastasis of tumors.
The aim of our study was to determine whether increased expression of osteopontin plays a role in the progression SCCOC's and whether it is related to the morphology of the invasive tumor front. Also, we wanted to examine the prognostic value of the macrophage content in the tumor microenvironment and its relationship to osteopontin expression.
Patients and Methods: The study included 86 patients that were surgically treated for SCCOC between 2000 and 2007 at the Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. Tumor microaree were stained by immunohistochemical methods using antibodies that recognize OPN, Ki67 proliferation marker, and CD68 macrophage marker, and analyzed by using a computer program. Expression of osteopontin and macrophage content in the tumor were compared with the standard prognostic parameters and survival of patients, as well as with the Ki67 proliferative index. The whole tumor-tissue sections, stained with hemalaun-eosin, were evaluated for the invasive tumor front grade (GITF) and compared with the clinicopathological parameters and osteopontin expression.
Results: The expression of OPN in tumor cells (t-OPN) was significantly higher compared to normal oral mucosa (p<0.001). Increase in the t-OPN expression was followed by the increased OPN expression in the stromal compartment of the tumor (s-OPN) (p=0.023), and associated with higher N stage (p=0.045), and TNM stage (p=0.033). Higher GITF was associated with higher N stage (p=0.006) and TNM stage (p=0.025), and a higher t-OPN expression in the superficial part of the tumor (p=0.038). In univariate analysis higher t-OPN expression (p=0.022) and a higher GITF (p=0.003) were associated with shorter survival of patients. In multivariate analysis, by comparing with standard prognostic factors, t-OPN expression was independent predictive factor for survival (p=0.048). When the GITF was included, t-OPN lost the status of an independent predictor (p=0.085), while GITF gained the status (p<0.001). Expression of t-OPN was not associated with traditional histological grade (p=0.260), Ki67 proliferative index (p=0.145) nor with the macrophage content in the tumor (p=0.904). Expression of the s-OPN and macrophage content in the tumor were not associated with prognostic parameters and survival of patients. Patients with combined high t-OPN expression and the high macrophage content in the tumor lived significantly shorter than those with low individual or both parameters (p=0.014).
Conclusion: Increased OPN expression as a single parameter or associated with a high macrophage content can serve as a predicting factor of poor prognosis, and shorter survival in patients with SCCOC. ITF grade also predicts the course of the disease and has a better prognostic value compared to traditional histological grade. Determination of these parameters in pathohistological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity allows the identification of patients at high risk for relapse which would benefit from additional treatment methods