Anabolic Steroid Abuse in Gym Enthusiasts – An Under-Recognized Cause of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Anabolic steroid use is constantly increasing, especially among athletes and gym enthusiasts. Of the many dangers of this rampant drug abuse is a hypercoagulable state predisposing to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Androgen abuse for bodybuilding or increasing muscle mass is an under-recognized cause of CVT in young males. We report one such case, which highlights that awareness regarding the dangers of androgen abuse needs to be propagated, and a careful history of androgen abuse is mandatory in young adults presenting with CVT

The Management of Intracranial Aneurysms: Current Trends and Future Directions

Intracranial aneurysms represent a major global health burden. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a catastrophic event. Without access to treatment, the fatality rate is 50% in the first 30 days. Over the last three decades, treatment approaches for intracranial aneurysms have changed dramatically. There have been improvements in the medical management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and there has been an evolution of treatment strategies. Endovascular therapy is now the mainstay of the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms based on robust randomised controlled trial data. There is now an expansion of treatment indications for unruptured intracranial aneurysms to prevent rupture with both microsurgical clipping and endovascular treatment. Both microsurgical and endovascular treatment modalities have evolved, in particular with the introduction of innovative endovascular treatment options including flow diversion and intra-saccular flow disruption. These novel therapies allow clinicians to treat more complex and previously untreatable aneurysms. We aim to review the evolution of treatment strategies for intracranial aneurysms over time, and discuss emerging technologies that could further improve treatment safety and functional outcomes for patients with an intracranial aneurysm

Comparison of Pipeline Embolization Device and Flow Re-Direction Endoluminal Device Flow Diverters for Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Flow diversion has become an accepted endovascular treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms. Studies comparing different types of flow diverters are currently lacking