Trilateral association between SO2 / NO2 emission, inequality in energy intensity, and economic growth: A case of Indian cities

Interaction between environmental degradation and economic growth is a growing matter of interest among policymakers. This paper examines the trilateral association between SO2 and NO2 emission, inequality in energy intensity, and economic growth by using simultaneous-equation panel data models for a panel of 139 Indian cities over the period 2001–2013. Our results indicate that there is evidence of feedback hypothesis between NO2 and SO2 emissions and economic growth, economic growth and inequality in energy intensity, and NO2 and SO2 emissions and inequality in energy intensity. The results also verified the existence of Environmental Kuznets curve for both of the pollutants. These results are of interest to environmental and economic policymakers as these can help in coming up with economic policies to ensure environmental sustainability and an inclusive economic growth

Examination of oil import-exchange nexus for India after currency crisis

Purpose: This study looks into the nexus between crude oil import and dollar-rupee exchange rates for India, considering monthly data from April, 1992 to March, 2014. Through this study, we intend to assess the economic and ecological sustainability of India, from the perspective of crude oil import behavior and balance of payment condition. Methodology: Multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) models have been applied for looking into the effect of oil import behavior on the exchange rate. Findings: The study discloses that the rise in the oil import leads to depreciation of dollar-rupee exchange rate. It also tells that the impacts of positive and negative shocks on exchange rate volatility have asymmetric consequences, and oil import fluctuations have undeviating effect on exchange rate volatility. Practical/Policy Implications: Import substitution for crude oil should be implemented in India in a phased manner. Providing renewable energy sources to the households at a subsidized rate, and recovering the price differential from the industrial sector in the form of economic rent on crude oil can be a solution to this situation. Implementation of this phased substitution policy will be not only be sustainable, but will also comply with the inclusive growth paradigm of India

Trilateral association between SO2 / NO2 emission, inequality in energy intensity, and economic growth: A case of Indian cities

Interaction between environmental degradation and economic growth is a growing matter of interest among policymakers. This paper examines the trilateral association between SO2 and NO2 emission, inequality in energy intensity, and economic growth by using simultaneous-equation panel data models for a panel of 139 Indian cities over the period 2001–2013. Our results indicate that there is evidence of feedback hypothesis between NO2 and SO2 emissions and economic growth, economic growth and inequality in energy intensity, and NO2 and SO2 emissions and inequality in energy intensity. The results also verified the existence of Environmental Kuznets curve for both of the pollutants. These results are of interest to environmental and economic policymakers as these can help in coming up with economic policies to ensure environmental sustainability and an inclusive economic growth

Quadrilateral Causal Analysis of Economic Growth in India

Following the economic growth pattern of India, continuous fossil fuel consumption is deteriorating the air quality by CO2 emission. This issue also directs towards the problem of energy efficiency. An error correction model has been formulated for fossil fuel consumption, energy efficiency, economic growth, and CO2 emission for India (1971-2010). We conclude that economic growth pattern is causing energy efficiency and it is driven by established missing feedback link of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)

Impact of ICT exports and internet usage on carbon emissions: A case of OECD countries

This paper investigates the causal associations between Information and communication technology (ICT) exports, internet usage, economic growth, and CO2 emission. We use two modes of ICT exports, namely ICT goods exports, and ICT services exports. Similarly, two modes have been used for internet usage, namely number of broadband connections per 100 people, and number of internet users per 100 people. By studying 28 OECD countries for 1991-2015 and employing an error-correction model for detecting Granger causality, we find a series of short-run causal associations among the four variables. The long-run causal association results show that the economic growth is likely to converge to the long-run equilibrium path in keeping with the changes in the other three variables. Our main finding is that the group of developing countries should foster an environment, which will not only boost the ICT service exports, but also will make the penetration of broadband connections in a better way

Inequality in Per Capita Water Availability: A Theil’s Second Measure Approach

This paper puts forward the application of Theil’s second measure in order to investigate international per capita water availability disparities. This index permits disparities to be disintegrated within and between groups of countries in a reliable way. An analysis of 188 countries for the period 1990–2012 demonstrates three observations: first, decline in per capita water availability disparities is characterized by both within-group and between-group inequality elements; second, between-group inequalities are at present the key contributor of the entire inequality scenario; and lastly, a comprehensive investigation on within-group inequalities divulges the noteworthy explanatory role played by Middle East countries towards increase in inequalities and countries pertaining to North America, Asia and Oceania towards decline in inequalities

Inequality in Per Capita Water Availability: A Theil’s Second Measure Approach

This paper puts forward the application of Theil’s second measure in order to investigate international per capita water availability disparities. This index permits disparities to be disintegrated within and between groups of countries in a reliable way. An analysis of 188 countries for the period 1990–2012 demonstrates three observations: first, decline in per capita water availability disparities is characterized by both within-group and between-group inequality elements; second, between-group inequalities are at present the key contributor of the entire inequality scenario; and lastly, a comprehensive investigation on within-group inequalities divulges the noteworthy explanatory role played by Middle East countries towards increase in inequalities and countries pertaining to North America, Asia and Oceania towards decline in inequalities

Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: A survey of empirical literature

This paper provides a survey of the empirical literature on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions over the period of 1991-2017. This survey categorizes the studies on the basis of single country and cross-country contexts. It has been hypothesized that the EKC is an inverted U-shaped association between economic growth and CO2 emissions. For both single country and cross-country contexts, the results of EKC estimation for CO2 emissions are inconclusive in nature. The reasons behind this discrepancy can be attributed to the choice of contexts, time period, explanatory variables, and methodological adaptation. The future studies in this context should not only consider new set of variables (e.g., corruption index, social indicators, political scenario, energy research and development expenditures, foreign capital inflows, happiness, population education structure, public investment towards alternate energy exploration, etc.), but also the dataset should be refined, so that the EKC estimation issues raised by Stern (2004) can be addressed