College Stress: Testing the Unidimensionality of a Standardized Stress Measuring Inventory Designed to Assess Stress among

Stress is a very common and unavoidable emotional strain among college students. The full domain of college stress has multiple dimensions, each with a unique perspective. The current study examines the unidimensionality and reliability of a 48-items standardized scale designed to measure perceived college stress among students. This Perceived Stress Inventory (PSI) consists of five subscales; each measuring a unique aspect of college stress. To test of unidimensionality and reliability of PSI, factor analysis and psychometric properties were examined. The analyses are based on the data that were collected from 302 college students. The results of this study show that the all five subscales of the Perceived Stress Inventory (PSI) are reliable and each of them is unidimensional

UTJECAJ KONTAKTA IZMEĐU POLICIJE I GRAĐANA NA PRIJAVLJIVANJE KRIMINALNOG PONAŠANJA: POJAVNOST/ MANIFESTACIJA KOD STUDENATA

Citizen’s crime-reporting is generally low, with a number of factors affecting its prevalence and incidence. Research suggests that there is an interrelationship between the type of contacts citizens have with the police (e.g., citizen-initiated or police-initiated), attitudes toward the police, police behavior, and crime-reporting behavior. To determine whether citizen interactions with the police infl uence crime-reporting behavior and attitudes toward the police, this study tested four research hypotheses. The fi ndings of this study suggest that predictors such as citizen-initiated contacts, police-initiated contacts, frequency of those contacts, and exposure to media about police misconduct cannot be used as a group but rather individually to predict all three different levels of crimereporting behavior (i.e., reporting of less serious crimes, reporting of medium-level crimes, and reporting of serious crimes).Prijavljivanje kriminalnog ponašanja kod građana je relativno nisko, a mnogi čimbenici utječu na prevalenciju i incidenciju. Istraživanja ukazuju da postoji povezanost između vrste kontakta između građana i policije (iniciran od strane građana, iniciran od strane policije), stavova prema policiji, ponašanja policajaca i prijavljivanja kriminalnog ponašanja. S ciljem utvrđivanja utječe li interakcija građana s policijom na prijavljivanje kriminalnih oblika ponašanja i na stavove prema policiji, ovo istraživanje testira četiri postavljene hipoteze. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da prediktore (poput kontakata iniciranih od strane građana ili od strane policije, učestalosti tih kontakata, izloženosti utjecaju medija o lošem postupanju policije), treba sagledavati individualno u odnosu na razinu prijavljivanja kriminalnog ponašanja (primjerice, prijavljivanje lakših, srednje ozbiljnih i teških kaznenih djela)

The influence of citizen interaction with the police on crime-reporting behavior: its manifestations among university students

"Citizen's crime-reporting is generally low, with a number of factors affecting its prevalence and incidence. Research suggests that there is an interrelationship between the type of contacts citizens have with the police (e.g., citizen-initiated or police-initiated), attitudes toward the police, police behavior, and crime-reporting behavior. To determine whether citizen interactions with the police infl uence crime-reporting behavior and attitudes toward the police, this study tested four research hypotheses. The fi ndings of this study suggest that predictors such as citizen-initiated contacts, police-initiated contacts, frequency of those contacts, and exposure to media about police misconduct cannot be used as a group but rather individually to predict all three different levels of crimereporting behavior (i.e., reporting of less serious crimes, reporting of medium-level crimes, and reporting of serious crimes)." (author's abstract

The Effects of Emotional Exhaustion on Prison Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Personal Accomplishments

This study investigates the effects of emotional exhaustion on job satisfaction and constraints of personal accomplishments of prison employees who work in the maximum and medium security prisons. Specifically, this study attempts to determine the amount of variation that can be explained in the job satisfaction and personal accomplishment, the main dependant variables, by using the emotional exhaustion as the main predictor, controlling for the effects of a selected number of demographic characteristics of prison employees. The data for this study were collected from three prisons in the State of Indiana - one maximum security prison and two medium security prisons. The results that emerge in this study suggest that emotional exhaustion accounts for eighteen percent of variation in the job satisfaction among prison employees, and about eight percent of the variation in the constraints of personal accomplishments

Odziv policije na kaznivo dejanje umora

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects that the first responders (police officers and investigators) have on the arrest success rates at homicide crime scenes. It attempts to determine whether or not increasing the number of officers (e.g., first line responders), and investigators responding to a homicide crime scene increases the arrest success rate, which contributes on the overall homicide clearance rates.Design/Methods/Approach:Using archived administrative data that were originally collected by the Phoenix Police Department, and sponsored by the United States Department of Justice, this study analyses 532 investigative reports. The types of cases analysed in this study are homicides crime scenes, which includes homicide victims and survivors. Findings: The findings in this study show that for every additional officer added to the number of police officers responding to the crime scene the arrest success rates increased by 8%, and for every additional investigator added to this first response, the arrest success rates increased by 24%. The number of witnesses and victims present at the crime scene did not have a significant effect on the arrest success rate of homicide cases.Research Limitations/Implications: This study is limited to examining the effects of the number of officers and investigators have on homicide clearance rates. It does not account for the limited departmental resources and their effects on the homicide arrest rates or clearance rates. Also, this study does not include factors that do not solely depend on the police response to homicide crime scenes (i.e., factors that the offenders have control over).VARSTVOSLOVJE,Journal of CriminalJustice and Security,year 21no. 2pp. 101‒114 102Practical Implications: The methods that police use to respond to and investigate homicide cases can determine the outcome of a case. Depending on how the police decide to respond, ultimately increase or decrease the effectiveness of making an arrest or salve a homicide case. An increase in the arrest rate, by definition, results in an increase in the clearance rate of homicide cases. Thus, the study findings touch base on the importance and the role of the number of first line responders and investigators have on homicide arrest success rates. Originality/Value: This is the first study that has examined the effects of first responders on homicide arrest rates.Namen prispevka: Namen študije je proučiti vpliv, ki ga imajo na stopnjo uspešnosti odvzema prostosti policisti in kriminalisti, ki se na kaznivo dejanje umora odzovejo prvi. Avtor poskuša ugotoviti, ali povečanje števila policistov in kriminalistov, ki se prvi odzovejo na kaznivo dejanje umora, poveča stopnjo uspešnosti odvzema prostosti, kar vpliva na stopnjo preiskanosti. Metode: V študiji so uporabljeni arhivirani administrativni podatki, ki jih je zbrala policija iz Phoenixa, njihovo uporabo pa je omogočilo Ministrstvo za pravosodje Združenih držav Amerike. V študijo je vključenih 532 preiskovalnih poročil kaznivih dejanj umorov in poskusov umorov. Ugotovitve: Ugotovitve študije so pokazale, da se je z vsakim dodatnim policistom na kraju kaznivega dejanja stopnja uspešnosti odvzema prostosti storilcu povečala za 8 %, z vsakim dodatnim kriminalistom pa za 24 %. Število prič in žrtev na kraju kaznivega dejanja pa na stopnjo uspešnosti odvzema prostosti v primerih umora ni imelo vpliva. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave: Študija je omejena na proučevanje učinkov števila policistov in kriminalistov na stopnjo preiskanosti umorov. Študija ne upošteva omejenosti virov, s katerimi se sooča policija, in njihovega vpliva na uspešnost reševanja umorov in stopnjo odvzema prostosti. Študija prav tako ne vključuje dejavnikov, ki niso odvisni samo od odziva policije na storjeno kaznivo dejanje umora (npr. dejavnikov, nad katerimi imajo nadzor storilci). Praktična uporabnost: Metode, ki jih policija uporablja pri odzivanju in preiskovanju umorov, lahko vplivajo na izid primera. Učinkovitost odvzema prostosti ali preiskovanja umora se bo povečala ali zmanjšala glede na odziv policije. Povečanje uspešnosti stopnje odvzema prostosti, pomeni tudi povečanje stopnje preiskanosti. Ugotovitve študije torej izpostavljajo pomembnost in vlogo števila policistov in kriminalistov, ki se prvi odzovejo na storjeno dejanje, na stopnjo uspešnosti odvzema prostosti v primerih umora. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: To je prva študija, ki je preučila učinke števila oseb, ki se prve odzovejo na storjeno kaznivo dejanje umora, na stopnjo uspešnosti odvzema prostosti

Police Use of Force: An Analysis of Factors that Affect Police Officer's Decision to Use Force on Suspects

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COVID-19 and Policing: A Qualitative Study of Sheriff Departments in Rural Indiana

The main objective of this research was to explore and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on practices in law enforcement and jails, with a specific focus on sheriff departments serving in small, rural counties in the state of Indiana. This study identified and analyzed various issues and trends pertaining to COVID-19\u27s effect upon jail and offender management, patrol and criminal investigation, personnel and offender safety, public service and expectations, courthouse trial and case management, and community trust in sheriff departments. Semi-structured interviews were employed with current sheriffs working in four different counties in Indiana in this qualitative research. The results showed that COVID-19 has brought to the forefront two major themes: (a) precautions taken by sheriff departments against COVID-19 and (b) changes in the way the criminal justice system works. Findings were further grouped into three categories according to each sheriff’s sentiments: negative (e.g., increase in expenses, loss of workforce, and mental health), positive (e.g., decrease in the workload and decrease in jail population), and mixed (e.g., precautions against COVID-19, changing crime patterns, and trust). The study concluded that COVID-19 caused a wave of change that sent ripples through these communities, the criminal justice system, and sheriff departments in particular