The dose and determinants of atropine requirements and outcomes in acute organophosphate and carbamate poisoning

Objective: Our objective was to use RBC cholinesterase and POP scale at admission for prognosis. We also looked at atropine toxicity, rates of complications, and outcomes in organophosphorus and carbamate poisoning. Methods: It was prospective cohort study of 1 year duration including patients with organophosphorus and carbamate poisoning. The data was collected by the principal investigator and followed up the patients daily till discharge. The baseline BChE and RBC AChE were collected at admission. Data entry using epidata software and was analyzed by SPSS software. Statistical method: t-test was used for analysis of continuous data with Normal distribution and Mann- Whitney U test for data with non- Normal distribution. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. Differences were considered significant at p value of <0.05. Results: Out of 60 patients in the study, 18(30%) patients developed intermediate syndrome.33 required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation of which14 required tracheostomy for prolonged ventilation. 3 patients died. RBC cholinesterase levels and POP scale at admission had statistical significant relation with the initial and total atropine requirements. POP scale also predicted the need for intubation and ICU stay. Atropine toxicity was common 60% but mild. We conclude that RBC cholinesterase and POP scale be used as new standards for assessment and guiding management of patients with organophosphorus and carbamate poisoning

Voluntary blood donation in a rural block of Vellore, South India: A knowledge, attitude and practice study

Context: There is a shortage of voluntary blood donors in developing countries which are, therefore, more dependent on replacement donors. Aim: To study the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding voluntary blood donation in a rural block in Vellore, South India. Settings and Designs: A cross-sectional survey in randomly selected villages of a rural block in Vellore, South India. Materials and Methods: Knowledge, attitude, and practices were assessed using a pilot-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire on randomly chosen rural adults aged between 18 and 60 years. Results: Of the 104 individuals interviewed, 90% were aware of voluntary blood donation, the main source of this awareness being television. Nearly, two-thirds of the participants felt they would fall sick by donating blood and that women and manual laborers were not capable of blood donation. Among the interviewed, 70.3% were of the opinion that blood can purchased with money. Only 44% were willing to donate blood on a voluntary basis. Perceived weakness and a misconception on the apparent lack of blood were the major reasons for unwillingness to donate blood. There was a significant association between willingness to donate blood and educational status as well as occupation, with the less educated and manual laborers unwilling to donate blood on a voluntary basis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.758, confidence interval [CI] = 1.54–9.156; OR = 5.333, CI = 1.429–19.90, respectively). Conclusions: The study found that although awareness on voluntary blood donation among individuals in the rural community was widespread, hesitancy to donate blood in real life situation was high. Since voluntary unpaid donors are the best candidates for blood donation, community being the best available source, education, and motivation of the community should play a greater role in increasing voluntary blood donation

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-