Entrepreneurial orientation of traditional and modern cultural organisations: cases in George Town UNESCO World Heritage Site

George Town World Heritage Site in Penang, Malaysia is well-endowed with creative and cultural resources, and has recently witnessed a rise in relevant rise in creative and cultural activities. This study examines how 'innovation culture' is inculcated and embedded within two local organisations with distinct approaches to innovation. This examination adopts and adapts the concept of Entrepreneurial Orientation, using three constructs: i) innovativeness, ii) risk-taking and iii) pro-activeness. This study administered a purely qualitative research approach by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews and archival study of the chosen case organisations and their networks. The novelty of this research resides in the choice of case study organisations chosen (i.e. traditional versus modern) where a comparative approach was used to compare and contrast innovation culture and gauge the extent upon which entrepreneurship orientation constructs are prevalent and thriving in these organisations. By documenting the linkages in their value chains, this study managed to understand their resulting social networks and whether such network fosters the incubation of an innovation cluster for the local creative and cultural sectors. This study concluded that traditional cultural organisations tend to be more cautious and even passive in their business approach and decision-making processes, while modern and newer cultural and creative organisations lean towards a more active and dynamic outlook, albeit sometimes constrained by lack of resources, i.e. funding and facilities, as well as impeded by the nature of their informality. These findings can contribute towards shaping pragmatic human resource and creative industry policies for city planners and policy makers, particularly in the George Town World Heritage Site, as well as serving as point of reference for other world heritage sites in the world

Introducing curriculum authenticity

The issue of authenticity in English Language Teaching (ELT) has been studied with a particular attention to concepts such as text, task, and learner authenticity. Though it is interesting to reflect on authenticity with regard to language materials, the development of these can only take place within a conceptualization of a language curriculum that is authentic in both its essence and form. The notion of curriculum authenticity, however, has not been proposed or discussed, a fact that reveals the absence of a holistic approach to authenticity in ELT. This paper will give some of the reasons that led to this state of affairs and will argue for the importance of adding curriculum authenticity to discussions on authenticity in ELT and particularly when developing materials for language learning. As such, this paper provides the context for discussing authenticity in materials development on a wider scale. A model of curriculum authenticity is introduced based on principles underpinning curriculum design theory. The proposed model is applied and discussed with reference to the business English license curriculum at the Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Humanities (FLAH) at University of Manouba in Tunisia. Proposed actions to enhance curriculum authenticity as well as challenges to curriculum authenticity are also communicated and discussed

UAV-based modeling to see the non-visible: A methodological reflection in Pachacamac

This paper intends a first methodological look at representing the non-visible in a large scale archaeological site, Pachacamac (Peru). The digitization based on aerial photogrammetry and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) results in a large volume of data. These data are often used to register the state of the constructions at the moment of the capture (photogrammetry) or for the archaeological prospective (GPR). Our approach proposes to extend the use of such types of big data to gain better knowledge about the logics of urban planning in a context of a heritage study