Innervation of flexor hallucis longus muscle: an anatomical study for selective neurotomy

Background: The aim of the study was to describe the innervation of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and obtain its surgical coordinates to facilitate selective neurotomy. Materials and methods: Fifteen embalmed lower limbs of adults were studied. Anatomical dissections to isolate the innervating branches of FHL were performed. Distance between the supplying nerve of FHL, including both its origin and termination, and the medial malleolus were obtained, providing anatomical coordinates beneficial for surgery. Results: In all cases, FHL was innervated by only one branch, which originated from the tibial nerve. Mean distance between the medial malleolus and the nervous branch origin was 21.39 ± 3.05 cm. Mean distance between the medial malleolus and the nervous branch termination was 12.7 ± 1.59 cm. Length of the nervous branch innervating FHL was proportional to the length of the leg, measuring 8.69 ± 2.45 cm. All nerves were located 15–17.4 cm above the medial malleolus. Conclusions: This anatomical study traced valuable surgical coordinates useful for performing selective peripheral neurotomy on the nerve branch innervating the FHL

Interventional Radiology Outpatient Clinics (IROC): Clinical Impact and Patient Satisfaction

Purpose To retrospectively analyze our interventional radiology outpatient clinics (IROC) for referral patterns, impact on interventional practice, and patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods Consultations performed between 2011 and 2019 were extracted. The two consecutive years with the highest number of consultations (n(2018) = 1426; n(2019) = 1595) were compared for unattended consultations (i.e., scheduled consultations with patients not showing-up); initial/follow-up consultations; hospital clinician/general practitioner referrals; initial consultations with radiologists not recommending interventions; procedural conversion rate (PCR; i.e., No. initial consultations resulting in interventions over the total number of initial consultations performed for the same clinical indication). A survey was conducted in 159 patients to determine their satisfaction. Results Consultations increased from 2011 to 2019 by 130%. In 2018-2019, the number of unattended consultations was stable (7.0% vs 6.6%;P = .68). The referrals were for back pain (42.2%), interventional oncology (40.5%), and arteriovenous malformations (9.0%). For back pain, in 2019, there were fewer consultations with radiologists not recommending interventions and increased PCR compared to 2018 (11.9% vs. 17.7%; 88.1% vs. 82.3%; respectively;P = .01). For interventional oncology, follow-up consultations and general practitioner referrals increased in 2019 compared to 2018 (43.0% vs 35.3%;P = .01; 24.4% vs. 12.7%;P < .01; respectively). No other changes were noted. Cumulative 2018-2019 PCR was >= 85.4%. 99.2% responders highly appreciated their IROC experience. Quality of secretarial and medical services were the main aspects evaluated to rate the experience with IROC. Conclusion IROC results in high PCR. Recent changes in referral/impact on IR practice were noted with patients referred for back pain and interventional oncology

Safety of percutaneous renal cryoablation an international multicentre experience from the EuRECA retrospective percutaneous database

International audienc