Functionalization of Titanium surface with Chitosan via silanation: 3D CLSM imaging of cell biocompatibility behaviour

Introduction Biocompatibility ranks as one of the most important properties of dental materials. One of the criteria for biocompatibility is the absence of material toxicity to cells, according to the ISO 7405 and 10993 recommendations. Among numerous available methods for toxicity assessment; 3-dimensional Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (3D CLSM) imaging was chosen because it provides an accurate and sensitive index of living cell behavior in contact with chitosan coated tested implants. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of functionalized titanium with chitosan via a silanation using sensitive and innovative 3D CLSM imaging as an investigation method for cytotoxicity assessment. Methods The biocompatibility of four samples (controls cells, TA6V, TA6V-TESBA and TA6V-TESBAChitosan) was compared in vitro after 24h of exposure. Confocal imaging was performed on cultured human gingival fibroblast (HGF1) like cells using Live/Dead® staining. Image series were obtained with a FV10i confocal biological inverted system and analyzed with FV10-ASW 3.1 Software (Olympus France). Results Image analysis showed no cytotoxicity in the presence of the three tested substrates after 24 h of contact. A slight decrease of cell viability was found in contact with TA6V-TESBA with and without chitosan compared to negative control cells. Conclusion Our findings highlighted the use of 3D CLSM confocal imaging as a sensitive method to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the biocompatibility behavior of functionalized titanium with chitosan via a silanation. The biocompatibility of the new functionalized coating to HGF1 cells is as good as the reference in biomedical device implantation TA6V

In vitro biocompatibility of a dentine substitute cement on human MG63 osteoblasts cells: Biodentine™ versus MTA ®

The authors also wish to express their appreciation to Beatrice Burdin, PhD, at the Microstructures Technology Center of University Claude Bernard Lyon1 for assistance with the SEM study. The AFM study was supported by the Characterization of Interactions Platform of the Nanobio Program, Grenoble University. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance on the English checking from Dr Huw Jones BSc PhD MRSC, Senior Lecturer in Chemistry for Environmental Science and Public Health, Middlesex University (UK).International audienceAimTo compare the in vitro biocompatibility of Biodentine and White ProRoot((R)) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA((R))) with MG63 osteoblast-like cells and to characterize the cement surface. MethodologyA direct contact model for MG63 osteoblast-like cells with cements was used for 1, 3 and 5days. Four end-points were investigated: (i) cement surface characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM), (ii) cell viability by MTT assay, (iii) protein amount quantification by Bradford assay and (iv) cell morphology by SEM. Statistical analyses were performed by analysis of variance (anova) with a repetition test method. ResultsThe roughness of the cements was comparable as revealed by AFM analysis. The MTT test for Biodentine was similar to that of MTA((R)). Biodentine and MTA((R)) induced a similar but slight decrease in metabolic activity. The amount of total protein was significantly enhanced at day three (P<0.05) but slightly decreased at day five for both tested samples. Biodentine was tolerated as well as MTA((R)) in all cytotoxicity assays. SEM observations showed improvement of cell attachment and proliferation on both material surfaces following the three incubation periods. ConclusionThe biocompatibility of Biodentine to bone cells was comparable to MTA((R))

Nanomaterials in the Construction Industry: A Review of Their Applications and Environmental Health and Safety Considerations

The extraordinary chemical and physical properties of materials at the nanometer scale enable novel applications ranging from structural strength enhancement and energy conservation to antimicrobial properties and self-cleaning surfaces. Consequently, manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) and nanocomposites are being considered for various uses in the construction and related infrastructure industries. To achieve environmentally responsible nanotechnology in construction, it is important to consider the lifecycle impacts of MNMs on the health of construction workers and dwellers, as well as unintended environmental effects at all stages of manufacturing, construction, use, demolition, and disposal. Here, we review state-of-the-art applications of MNMs that improve conventional construction materials, suggest likely environmental release scenarios, and summarize potential adverse biological and toxicological effects and their mitigation. Aligned with multidisciplinary assessment of the environmental implications of emerging technologies, this review seeks to promote awareness of potential benefits of MNMs in construction and stimulate the development of guidelines to regulate their use and disposal to mitigate potential adverse effects on human and environmental health