ZZ-boson polarization as a model-discrimination analyzer

Determining the spin of any new particle is critical in identifying the true theory among various extensions of the Standard Model (SM). The degree of $Z$-boson polarization in any two-body decay process $A\to B Z$ is sensitive to the spin assignments of two new particles $A$ and $B$. Considering all possible spin-0, 1/2 and 1 combinations in a renormalizable field theory, we demonstrate that $Z$-boson polarization can indeed play a role of a decisive and universal analyzer in distinguishing the different spin assignments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Measurements per gestational week, with corresponding mean and SD values.

<p>Measurements per gestational week, with corresponding mean and SD values.</p

General Characteristics of the study groups.

<p>General Characteristics of the study groups.</p

Associations between periconceptional red blood cell folate quartiles and cerebellar growth trajectories.

<p>Linear mixed models representing the effects of red blood cell folate quartiles on cerebellar growth trajectories as a function of CRL in millimetres and GA in days. The blue line represents the third quartile used as reference.</p

Protocolled display of the three-dimensional ultrasound scan.

<p>Three-dimensional ultrasound image of an embryo at 9⁺² weeks GA with the standardized cerebellum measurements TCD (1), LCD (2), RCD (3) in 4D view.</p

Preconceptional compared to postconceptional initiation of folic acid supplement use and embryonic cerebellar size and growth trajectories as function of gestational age and crown-rump length.

<p>Preconceptional compared to postconceptional initiation of folic acid supplement use and embryonic cerebellar size and growth trajectories as function of gestational age and crown-rump length.</p

3D-Ultrasound data and the success rate of measurements.

<p>3D-Ultrasound data and the success rate of measurements.</p

Longitudinal cerebellar measurements and proportional growth by folic acid initiation.

<p>Adjusted linear mixed models representing the effects of preconceptional compared to postconceptional initiation of folic acid supplement use on cerebellar size and growth trajectories as function of CRL in millimetres (A and B) and GA in days (C and D) and proportional cerebellar growth trajectories (E and F).</p

Early embryonic development from zygote to blastocyst.

<p>The cytotrophoblast which is studied in short-term cultured villi (STC-villi) and with NIPT is derived from the trophoblast of the blastocyst, whereas the mesenchymal core, investigated in long-term cultured villi (LTC-villi) originates from the extra-embryonic mesoderm (EEM). Both EEM and fetus are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst.</p

Flow diagram of study population.

<p>Flow diagram of study population.</p