Group comparison of population genetic parameters between the M- and the S-type populations of the northern type of diploid <i>Cyrtomium falcatum</i>.

<p>Group comparison of population genetic parameters between the M- and the S-type populations of the northern type of diploid <i>Cyrtomium falcatum</i>.</p

Genetic diversity indices and inbreeding coefficient values for seven populations of the northern type of diploid <i>Cyrtomium falcatum</i>.

<p>Genetic diversity indices and inbreeding coefficient values for seven populations of the northern type of diploid <i>Cyrtomium falcatum</i>.</p

Distribution of northern and southern types of diploid sexual <i>Cyrtomiun falcatum</i> in Japan based on Matsumoto (2003) [11], and sampling locations of 7 populations examined in this study.

<p>Dashed line is the boundary of the northern and southern type’s distributional range. This map was drawn by GeoMapApp (<a href="http://www.geomapapp.org/" target="_blank">http://www.geomapapp.org/</a>). Locations of the M-type (black circle), the I-type (gray circle) and the S-type (open circle) sporophyte individuals identified by Matsumoto (2003) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163683#pone.0163683.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>] are shown.</p

Results of the STRUCTURE analysis and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the clusters when <i>K</i> = 7.

<p>(A) The proportion of the membership coefficient of 233 individuals in the 7 populations for each of the inferred clusters for <i>K</i> = 2–7 defined using Bayesian clustering in STRUCTURE analysis. Population types and cluster numbers on the NJ tree are indicated under the plot of <i>K</i> = 7. (B) The NJ tree of the seven clusters for <i>K</i> = 7. Values shown next to each cluster number are <i>F</i>_ST values between each cluster and the common ancestral population.</p

Isolation by distance for the 7 populations of the northern type of diploid <i>Cyrtomium falcatum</i>.

<p>The relationship between the matrix of pairwise differentiation described as <i>F</i>_ST / (1 − <i>F</i>_ST) and the matrix of the natural logarithm of geographic distance (in meters) among the 7 populations.</p

The NJ tree based on the single barcode <i>rbcL</i>+<i>trnH-psbA</i> using the <i>p</i>-distance model (dotted vertical line: unidentified group).

<p>The NJ tree based on the single barcode <i>rbcL</i>+<i>trnH-psbA</i> using the <i>p</i>-distance model (dotted vertical line: unidentified group).</p

Wilcoxon signed-rank tests of intraspecific divergences among DNA markers.

<p>Wilcoxon signed-rank tests of intraspecific divergences among DNA markers.</p

The NJ tree based on the single barcode <i>rbcL</i> using the <i>p</i>-distance model (dotted vertical line: unidentified group).

<p>The NJ tree based on the single barcode <i>rbcL</i> using the <i>p</i>-distance model (dotted vertical line: unidentified group).</p

The NJ tree based on the single barcode <i>trnH-psbA</i> using the <i>p</i>-distance model (dotted vertical line: unidentified group).

<p>The NJ tree based on the single barcode <i>trnH-psbA</i> using the <i>p</i>-distance model (dotted vertical line: unidentified group).</p

Wilcoxon signed-rank tests of interspecific divergence among DNA markers.

<p>Wilcoxon signed-rank tests of interspecific divergence among DNA markers.</p