Copepods in the Stomach of a Nototheniid Fish,Trematomus borchgrevinki Fry at Syowa Station,Antarctica

Copepods in stomach contents of fry of a nototheniid fish, Trematomus borchgrevinki which were caught on September 6, 1970 were examined to acquire information on the winter populations of copepods in the sea covered with the fast ice near Syowa Station (69°00\u27S, 39°35\u27E), Antarctica. The stomach contents were composed of Ctenocalanus vanus, Stephus longipes, two unidentified calanoid species, Oithona similis, Oncaea curvata, a few unidentified harpacticoid species, nauplius of copepods and unidentified copepods. O. similis and copepod nauplius were dominant. The component species of the stomach contents resembled those of the samples collected by vertical hauls of a plankton net in late autumn and in early spring. However, the relative abundance of copepod species in the stomach contents differed from that in the net samples. This may be reasonably ascribed to possible food preference of fish. Therefore, it is possible to assume that the winter populations of copepods do not differ from the late autumn and early spring populations

A Preliminary Note on the Occurrence of Copepods under Sea Ice near Syowa Station,Antarctica

Net samplings of zooplankton were done in the ice-covered sea area near Syowa Station (69°00\u27S, 39°35\u27E), Antarctica, during the summer, autumn and spring seasons in 1970 and 1975. Copepods were the main constituents of the zooplankton community. Ctenocalanus vanus, Stephus longipes, Paralabidocera antarctica, Oithona similis, Oithonafrigida, Oncaea curvata and Harpacticoid copepods were identified. Among them, while unidentified copepod nauplii were numerously distributed, O. similis and O. curvata occurred dominantly during late summer, autumn and spring. P. antarctica and O.frigida occurred in small numbers in summer. Species composition of copepods changed seasonally

Vertical distribution of size fractionated phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean in summer(1985/86)

During the icebreaker SHIRASE cruise of the 27th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-27; 1985/86), vertical profiles of phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration in the upper 200m of the water column were observed at 12 stations in the Southern Ocean and at 3 stations in the subtropical water from December 1985 to March 1986. High phytoplankton chlorophyll standing crops (ca. 370mg m^ in December and 330mg m^ in February) were observed in Breid Bay, Antarctica. In other stations of the Antarctic Ocean, the standing crops were less than 52mg m^. Size fractionation studies revealed that net-phytoplankton (>20μm) was the dominant fraction of total chlorophyll a during the summer bloom in Breid Bay. In Antarctic waters, the high contributions of the net-phytoplankton fraction corresponded to high total biomass. And also, contribution of the net-phytoplankton to the total phytoplankton was supposed to be controlled by the length of the ice-free period. Considering the high phytoplankton growth rates under the nutrient rich condition, duration under optimum light condition and water stability appear to be important factors affecting the phytoplankton crops in the Antarctic Ocean in summer

Variation in the diatom community under fast ice near Syowa Station, Antarctica, during the austral summer of 1997/98

Variations in abundance and community structure of diatoms under the fast ice near Syowa Station were investigated almost daily during the austral summer of 1997/98. Two periods of high chlorophyll a concentration were observed throughout the study : from the end of December to early January and from the middle to the end of January. Size fractionation of chlorophyll a revealed that phytoplankton during the former period consisted mostly of organisms larger than 20μm and during the latter period, 10-20μm. The large diatoms, Porosira pseudodenticulata and Pseudonitzschia turgiduloides, and small diatoms, Fragilariopsis spp., were the dominant organisms in the former and latter periods, respectively. Melting of the fast ice occurred in January, indicating a possibility that small sized diatoms were released from the ice to the water column. Accumulation of small diatoms in a sediment trap followed a decrease of their abundance in the water column. These results indicate that most of the ice algae detached from the ice sank directly to the bottom during the latter half of the austral summer

A Study of Lifelong Education for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities at the University Level

Background: In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing lifelong education for persons with disabilities at universities and other institutions of higher learning. However, there is still a lack of practical research on people with intellectual disabilities who participate in lifelong education. Objective: This study analyzes the experiences of participants with intellectual disabilities obtained from the practice of the Lifelong Education Program for Persons with Disabilities (AULEPP). It discusses perspectives for the future development of lifelong education. Methods: Eleven persons with intellectual disabilities who participated in the AULEPP from October 2021 to February 2022 were included in the study. Three surveys were administered to these participants before and after the AULEPP and for each lecture. Results: The average number of participants in each lecture was 5.2, and four participants attended more than eight lectures. Qualitative analysis of the survey results revealed that participants acquired new knowledge, expressed the need for continuous learning, and proposed new questions. The lectures helped them recognize changes in their perspectives on daily life and society. Most of the lectures were conducted online, but there were no negative comments about this modality. Conclusions: The study revealed the need to create opportunities for participants to find meaning in lectures, the effectiveness of online media, and the role of lifelong college education in the community. It is necessary to investigate the transferability of these results to urban areas and explore outcome measures and program content to build an evidence-based lifelong learning program