Features of the Atrophic Corpus Mucosa in Three Cases of Autoimmune Gastritis Revealed by Magnifying Endoscopy

Atrophic gastritis, whether caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or as a result of an autoimmune process, is associated with corpus atrophy. However, whereas atrophic gastritis caused by H. pylori involves the antrum, the antrum is spared in autoimmune gastritis. Here, we report the use of magnifying endoscopy to identify and distinguish atrophic gastritis caused by H. pylori from autoimmune gastritis. The mucosal pattern in autoimmune gastritis is that of closely arranged small round and oval pits, thus differing from the pattern seen in atrophic mucosa due to H. pylori infection. We speculate that this reflects differences in inflammation between the two types of gastritis. In autoimmune gastritis the inflammation is directed primarily against gastric glands, whereas in H. pylori infection the inflammation is directed against the bacteria on or near the surface and the damage initially affects the surface epithelium. During repair, the normal regular round pits are destroyed, whereas they remain largely intact in mucosa with autoimmune-associated atrophy. Confirmation of the features of autoimmune gastritis revealed by magnifying endoscopy would not only make the endoscopic diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis more accurate, but also help to elucidate changes in the surface epithelial structure of gastritis due to various causes

Spin Degree of Freedom in a Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid

We have investigated correlation between spin polarization and magnetotransport in a high mobility silicon inversion layer which shows the metal-insulator transition. Increase in the resistivity in a parallel magnetic field reaches saturation at the critical field for the full polarization evaluated from an analysis of low-field Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. By rotating the sample at various total strength of the magnetic field, we found that the normal component of the magnetic field at minima in the diagonal resistivity increases linearly with the concentration of ``spin-up'' electrons.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, 6 eps-figures, to appear in PR

〔伝統的な言語文化〕の学習指導改善 －落語教材の検討を通して－

Review of the book Leimon: Studies Presented to Lennart Rydén on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday (edited by Jan Olof Rosenqvist)

Nagoya University Photo-Science Nanofactory Project

Nagoya University has a project to construct a new synchrotron light facility, called Photo-Science Nanofactory, to develop a wide range research on basic science, industrial applications, life science and environmental engineering in collaboration with universities, research institutes and industries. The key equipment of the facility is a compact electron storage ring, “Nagoya University Small Synchrotron Radiation facility (NSSR),” which is able to supply hard x-rays. The plan of the specifications is as following. The energy of the stored electron beam is 1.2 GeV. The circumference is 62.4 m. Natural emittance is about 60 nmrad. The configuration of the storage ring is considered based on the Triple Bend Achromat with twelve bending magnets. Eight of them are normal conducting magnets. Four of them are 5T superconducting magnets (super-bends). The bending angle is 12 degrees and two or three hard x-ray beam lines can be constructed for each super-bend. The number of beam lines from normal conducting bending magnets is more than 16. In addition, we will install two undulators in straight sections. The electron beam is injected from a booster synchrotron with the energy of 1.2 GeV as full energy injection. A 50 MeV linac is used as an injector to the booster synchrotron. The top-up operation is also planned