The Quiescent Cellular State is Arf/p53-Dependent and Associated with H2AX Downregulation and Genome Stability

Cancer is a disease associated with genomic instability and mutations. Excluding some tumors with specific chromosomal translocations, most cancers that develop at an advanced age are characterized by either chromosomal or microsatellite instability. However, it is still unclear how genomic instability and mutations are generated during the process of cellular transformation and how the development of genomic instability contributes to cellular transformation. Recent studies of cellular regulation and tetraploidy development have provided insights into the factors triggering cellular transformation and the regulatory mechanisms that protect chromosomes from genomic instability

Collaborative problem solving in mathematics education

本研究の目的は，中学校の数学科において協働的問題解決を生起させる授業の仕かけを探ることである。そのために，特設課題を設定した。この特設課題は，日常課題から必要な既習の数学的知識を組み合わせて，見通しを立てながら挑戦させる課題である。授業実践の結果，協働的問題解決を生起させる有効な課題方法が見出された。The purpose of this study was to examine ways to achieve ‘collaborative problem solving’. To that end, we set up practice lessons that dealt with solving particular problems. The problems involved students having to use mathematical knowledge to solve problems related to natural phenomena in a logical manner. In this way, we were able to engage the students in ‘collaborative problem solving’

Anti-stress effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa gallica officinalis in mice

Rosa gallica, a plant of the Rosa genus, has been used widely since the 13th century and is cultivated in many areas as a medicinal plant for the preparation of herbal medicines. However, details of the neuropsychological effects of R. gallica remain unclear; therefore we aimed to investigate the neuropsychological effects of a water-soluble extract of R. gallica in male C57BL/6N mice under normal conditions and under chronic stress. We administered a water-soluble extract of R. gallica to mice and performed a series of behavioral experiments to compare the treated animals with the untreated controls. No significant differences in activity level, anxiety-like behavior, depression-like behavior, body weight, and body temperature were observed between R. gallica-treated mice and control mice. However, in mice subjected to chronic stress, the observed decrease in activity was smaller in the R. gallica-treated mice than in the control mice. The oral administration of R. gallica did not affect the normal behavior of mice. However, when the mice were subjected to stress, R. gallica exerted an anti-stress effect. Therefore, R. gallica has potential as a medicinal plant for the purpose of stress prevention

Effective Approach to Understanding Statistics by Solving a Real Problem in Collaboration

本研究の目的は，中学校第１学年の統計分野において協働的問題解決場面を設定した実践授業を通して，自分の考えをもつ際の統計，仲間の考え，コンピュータとの関係を検討することである。そのために，生徒が授業実践で記述したワークシートを分析する事例研究を行った。その結果，コンピュータの利用により自分の考えの幅を広げられること，自分の主張を支える根拠として統計を有効に活用できること，仲間の考えを聞くことで自分の考えを豊かにしたり，自分の考えに自信をもてたりすることが示された。This study aimed to find an effective approach to understanding statistics by the collaborative solving of a real problem. To that end, we demonstrated the validity of our approach through experimental lessons. We arrived at the following conclusions. ・It is preferable for students to broaden their understanding of concepts by having access to a computer． ・It is beneficial for students to support their opinions using statistics

Comprehensive behavioral study of the effects of vanillin inhalation in mice

Vanillin is widely used in food and cosmetics, among other substances, for its sweet smell. However, the neuropsychological effects of vanillin inhalation have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of vanillin inhalation on mouse behavior. First, we investigated whether the aroma of vanillin was attractive or repulsive for mice. Thereafter, the mice inhaled vanillin for 20 min before each test in a series of behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, open field, Y-maze, tail suspension, cotton bud biting, and Porsolt forced swim tests). In these tests, the mice showed a neutral response to vanillin. Mice that inhaled vanillin had a suppressed pain response in the hot plate test. In addition, the grip strength of the forelimbs of mice that inhaled vanillin was decreased. No significant differences were found between the mice inhaling vanillin and control mice in the open field, Y-maze, tail suspension, forced swimming, and aggression tests. These results show that vanillin inhalation has anti-nociceptive effects, similar to other routes of administration. The results also show that vanillin inhalation does not cause significant behavioral effects

Spontaneous Occurrence of Various Types of Hepatocellular Adenoma in the Livers of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Steatohepatitis Model TSOD Mice

Male Tsumura-Suzuki Obese Diabetes (TSOD) mice, a spontaneous metabolic syndrome model, develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver tumors by feeding on a standard mouse diet. Nearly 70% of liver tumors express glutamine synthetase (GS), a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, approximately 30% are GS-negative without prominent nuclear or structural atypia. In this study, we examined the characteristics of the GS-negative tumors of TSOD mice. Twenty male TSOD mice were sacrificed at 40 weeks and a total of 21 tumors were analyzed by HE staining and immunostaining of GS, liver fatty acid-binding protein (L FABP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and beta-catenin. With immunostaining for GS, six (29%) tumors were negative. Based on the histological and immunohistological characteristics, six GS-negative tumors were classified into several subtypes of human hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). One large tumor showed generally similar findings to inflammatory HCA, but contained small atypical foci with GS staining and partial nuclear beta-catenin expression suggesting malignant transformation. GS-negative tumors of TSOD mice contained features similar to various subtypes of HCA. Different HCA subtypes occurring in the same liver have been reported in humans; however, the diversity of patient backgrounds limits the ability to conduct a detailed, multifaceted analysis. TSOD mice may share similar mechanisms of HCA development as in humans. It is timely to review the pathogenesis of HCA from both genetic and environmental perspectives, and it is expected that TSOD mice will make further contributions in this regard

アノヒ カラ １０ネン ノダムラ ノ オモイ アラタメテ カンガエル イワテ ノダムラ デノ フィールドワーク

コミュニティ・ラーニング 2020 報

ソンゲン アル シュクタイ ニ カンスル リロンテキ ジュンビ ト テンボウ

本稿は、研究プロジェクト「尊厳ある縮退によるコミュニティの再生と創生」の成果をもとに、尊厳ある縮退のための理論的準備と実践的な展望を述べたものである。まず、尊厳ある縮退の背景として人口減少社会を取り巻く議論と集落の再生・創生の事例を概説した上で、尊厳ある縮退の研究・実践に向けて、縮退や尊厳といった基本的概念について紹介した。次に、尊厳ある縮退研究・実践を推進するために検討すべき論点として、対象地域の拡張、地域診断、集落が消滅するプロセスと時間、尊厳ある縮退が依拠するモデル、実践現場におけるツールの開発について、検討し理論的準備とした。 最後に、尊厳ある縮退に寄り添うアクションリサーチの課題を展望し、民藝をヒントとした民衆的アプローチの必要性を確認した。This paper described the theoretical preparation and practical prospects for shrinking with dignity, based on the findings of our research project "Shrinking Strategy with Dignity for Rehabilitation and Revitalization of Community". First, the paper outlined the debate surrounding the shrinking population and the case studies of community rehabilitation and revitalization as background for dignified shrinkage, and then introduced the basic concepts of shrinkage and dignity for research and practice of shrinking with dignity. Next, as issues to be considered for promoting dignified shrinkage research and practice, the expansion of the target area, regional diagnosis, the process and time of the disappearance of communities, models on which dignified shrinkage relies, and the development of tools in the field of practice were discussed and theoretically prepared. Finally, the paper looked at the challenges of action research to accompany shrinking with dignity, and confirms the necessity of a folk approach inspired by Mingei movement.特集：人口減少への共創的アプローチ論文Research Articl

Disease-Association Analysis of an Inflammation-Related Feedback Loop

SummaryThe IL-6-triggered positive feedback loop for NFκB signaling (or the IL-6 amplifier/Inflammation amplifier) was originally discovered as a synergistic-activation signal that follows IL-17/IL-6 stimulation in nonimmune cells. Subsequent results from animal models have shown that the amplifier is activated by stimulation of NFκB and STAT3 and induces chemokines and inflammation via an NFκB loop. However, its role in human diseases is unclear. Here, we combined two genome-wide mouse screens with SNP-based disease association studies, revealing 1,700 genes related to the IL-6 amplifier, 202 of which showed 492 indications of association with ailments beyond autoimmune diseases. We followed up on ErbB1 from our list. Blocking ErbB1 signaling suppressed the IL-6 amplifier, whereas the expression of epiregulin, an ErbB1 ligand, was higher in patients with inflammatory diseases. These results indicate that the IL-6 amplifier is indeed associated with human diseases and disorders and that the identified genes may make for potential therapeutic targets