中国語を第一言語とする日本語学習者の同形語の認知処理 : 同形類義語と同形異義語を対象に

国際交流基金麗澤大学東京大学Japan FoundationReitaku UniversityThe University of Tokyo日中同形語には,中国語と日本語とで意味の一部が異なる類義語(以下,O語)や,意味が完全に異なる異義語(以下,D語)等がある。本研究は中国語を第一言語とする日本語学習者(以下,CNS)のO語やD語の認知処理過程が,日本語習熟度の向上に伴って,どのように変化するかを検討した。実験では,O語とD語を用いて,中国語義で解釈すると意味が通るが,日本語では非文となるような文(*パソコンに文字を輸入する)を作成し,CNS(n=50)を対象に文正誤判断課題を行った。その結果,(1)日本語習熟度に関わらず,反応時間は長く,誤答率も高い,(2) O語よりD語の方が判断が迅速である,ということが分かった。このことから,CNSは(1)日本語習熟度が高くなっても,O語やD語の同形語の認知処理の過程で,日本語義の活性化が効率的ではないこと,(2)共有義のあるO語の方が認知処理が困難であることが示唆された。The present study investigated whether Chinese speakers learning Japanese activate Japanese semantic information in processing lexical homographs which are orthographically identical, but not semantically, between Japanese and Chinese languages. The Chinese university students learning Japanese as an L2 (n=50) participated in the experiments. The task was to judge whether the presented Japanese sentences were semantically correct, in which homographs of two types were embedded: O- and D-types. O-type homographs exhibit semantic overlap as well as discrepancy between two languages, while D-type homographs share no meaning. The data showed that: (1) Regardless of Japanese proficiency, participants had difficulties in performing the task rapidly and correctly; and (2) D-type homographs were more accurately responded to than O-type ones. These results indicate that; (1) Japanese orthography does not efficiently activate Japanese semantic information even for people with higher Japanese proficiency; and (2) O-type homographs are cognitively more demanding than D-type ones

日本の短期留学プログラムにおけるフランスの日本語学習者‐学習者対象のアンケート調査結果が示唆すること (French Learners of Japanese on Japanese Short Term Study Abroad Programs –Examining the Results from the Survey of Students

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日本の短期留学プログラムにおけるフランスの日本語学習者‐学習者対象のアンケート調査結果が示唆すること (French Learners of Japanese on Japanese Short Term Study Abroad Programs –Examining the Results from the Survey of Students

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日本の短期留学プログラムにおけるフランスの日本語学習者‐学習者対象のアンケート調査結果が示唆すること (French Learners of Japanese on Japanese Short Term Study Abroad Programs –Examining the Results from the Survey of Students

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Identifying cognitive dysfunction using the nurses’ rapidly clinical judgment in elderly inpatients

: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nurses’ clinical judgment on cognitive function by fall risk assessment and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores in elderly inpatients. : We studied 61 consecutive hospitalized patients who received both comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and fall risk assessment at the Department of Geriatric Medicine in Kyoto University Hospital from January 2006 to June 2010. During the fall risk assessment at admission, primary nurses evaluated the cognitive function by four items (with or without disorientation, impaired judgment, lack of comprehension, and memory loss), while a trained clinical assistant performed CGA including MMSE. Patients were divided into three groups according to the MMSE scores. The association between the four items of judgment by nurses and MMSE scores was then studied. : The mean age was 80.1 years and 55.7% of the patients were female. The percentage of patients judged to have impaired judgment, lack of comprehension, and memory loss was higher in patients with lower MMSE scores (impaired judgment, p for trend = 0.001; lack of comprehension, p for trend = 0.043; memory loss, p for trend = 0.001). The percentage of patients judged to have at least one of the four abnormalities was also significantly higher in patients with lower MMSE scores (p for trend : These data indicate that a comprehensive evaluation using all the four items on cognitive impairment is more effective in detecting cognitive impairment in elderly than using individual items, although one-third of cognitively impaired elderly patients may miss detection despite the use of the four items. Better approaches should be developed to identify cognitively impaired elderly patients by nurses

日本と海外の日本語教育機関の教育連携の模索‐短期交換留学プログラムの学習者アンケートから (Towards a Japanese Language pedagogy network of Home and Host universiteis – observations for a survey of Japanese Language Learners),

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日本と海外の日本語教育機関の教育連携の模索‐短期交換留学プログラムの学習者アンケートから (Towards a Japanese Language pedagogy network of Home and Host universiteis – observations for a survey of Japanese Language Learners),

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日本と海外の日本語教育機関の教育連携の模索‐短期交換留学プログラムの学習者アンケートから (Towards a Japanese Language pedagogy network of Home and Host universiteis – observations for a survey of Japanese Language Learners),

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